Enzymes and Kinetics

Enzymes generally have a cleft for active site, generally 5% of surface look like pac man. Need large structure to maintain shape etc., with many weak bonds. 

One of the unique characteristics of a living cell is its ability to permit complex reactions to proceed rapidly at the temperature of the surrounding environment. The principal agents which participate in the remarkable transformations in the cell belong to a group of proteins named enzymes. In the absence of enzymes in the cell, these reactions would proceed too slowly. Enzymes are proteins specialized to catalyse biological reactions with the following characteristics. 

Enzymes being proteins exhibit all properties of proteins. They have their specific isoelectric points at which they are least soluble. Like proteins, they can be denatured by changes in pH and temperature. The enzyme-catalysed reactions occur below lOO C, at atmospheric pressure and nearby neutral pH. 

In this reaction, each enzyme molecule can hydrate 105 molecules of carbondioxide per second. 

Enzyme activity is regulated in a variety of ways, ranging from controls over the amount of enzyme protein synthesised by the cell or modulation of activity through reversible interaction with metabolic inhibitors and activators or through isoenzymes. 

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R. Boyer, Concepts in Biochemistry (1999), Brooks/Cole (Pacific Grove, CA), pp. 142-173. An introduction to enzymes and kinetics. 

D. Voet, J. Voet, and C. Pratt, Fundamentals of Biochemistry, (1999), John Wiley Sons (New York), pp. 281-347. Enzymes and kinetics. 

A Lehninger, D Nelson, and M Cox, Principles of Biochemistry, 3rd ed (1999), Worth Publishers (New York), pp 243-292 Introduction to enzymes C Matthews, K. van Holde, and K Ahem, Biochemistiy, 3rd ed (2000), Ben)amin/Cum-mings (San Francisco), pp 360-413 Introduction to enzyme kinetics L Stryer, Biochemistry, 4th ed (1995), W H Freeman (New York), pp 181-204 Introduction to enzymes and kinetics... 

D Voet, J Voet, and C Pratt, Fundamentals of Biochemistry, (1999), John Wiley Sons (New York), pp 281-347 Enzymes and kinetics C Whiteley, Biochem. Educ. 25, 144-146 (1997) Enzyme kinetics W Wood et al, Biochemistiy, A Problems Approach, 2nd ed (1981), Benjamin/Cum-mmgs (San Francisco), pp 144-172 Enzyme kinetics with an introduction to the direct linear plot... 

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