Environmentally conscious practices

The chiral Mo-based catalysts discussed herein are more senstive to moisture and air than the related Ru-based catalysts [1], However, these complexes, remain the most effective and general asymmetric metathesis catalysts and are significantly more robust than the original hexafluoro-Mo complex 1. It should be noted that chiral Mo-based catalysts 4,11, 25, 34 and 77 can be easily handled on a large scale. In the majority of cases, reactions proceed readily to completion in the presence of only 1 mol% catalyst and, in certain cases, optically pure materials can be accessed within minutes or hours in the absence of solvents little or no waste products need to be dealt with upon obtaining optically pure materials. Chiral catalyst 4a is commercially available from Strem, Inc. (both antipodes and racemic). The advent of the protocols for in situ preparation of chiral Mo catalyst 77, the supported and recyclable complex 82 and the debut of a chiral Ru catalyst (83) augur well for future development of practical chiral metathesis catalysts. The above attributes collectively render the chiral catalysts discussed above extremely attractive for future applications in efficient, catalytic, enan-tioselective and environmentally conscious protocols in organic synthesis. 

The Island Copper Mine in British Columbia, Canada, operated from 1970 through 1995. The reclamation and closure of the mine represent an excellent example of environmentally conscious mining practice. Welchman and Aspinall provided a case history of the mine, which is summarized bcrc. ... 

In 1998, Anastas and Warner teamed up to write the best selling and most cited book in the field of Green Chemistry, Green Chemistry Theory and Practice, which explicated the 12 principles of Green Chemistry. The principles, intended as guidelines for practical chemistry, provided a road map for chemists both of academia and industry to promote pollution prevention through environmentally conscious design of chemical products and processes. The 12 principles are ... 

The economic prosperity of the United States demands that it continue to have a robust chemical industry. In this age of environmental consciousness, however, we can no longer afford to allow the type of industry that has been characteristic of past practices to continue operating as it always has. There is a real need to develop an environmentally benign, or "green," technology. Chemists must not only create new products, but also design the chemical syntheses in a way that carefully considers their environmental ramifications. 

Council recycling of plastic bottles has become widespread" and the practice of providing free plastic carrier bags by supermarkets has become an issue for the environmentally conscious shopper. 

---