Environmental tobacco smoke prenatal exposure

DiFranza JR, Aligne A, Weitzman M (2004) Prenatal and postnatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure and children s health. Paediatrics, 113 1007-1015. 

Beyond the genetic factors, the causes of ADHD are unknown and very few studies have examined the relationship between ADHD and exposures to environmental chemicals. It is known, however, that maternal prenatal exposures to lead, alcohol, tobacco smoke, and marijuana are known to result in the birth of children with high incidences of ADHDJ14-17 ft has also been established that exposure to excessive quantities of phenylalanine either prenatally in utero, as a result of the mother having phenylketonuria (PKU) and fetus not having PKU, or postnatally where the child has PKU, results in the development of ADHD hyperactive and behavioral... 

I look at many possible causes of fetal damage in this book, but give particular emphasis to man-made environmental toxins, be they chemical pollutants in our air, water, and land, or substances in the consumer marketplace, legal and otherwise. The effects of these toxins are often connected to more than one type of fetal damage. Prenatal exposure to lead, for example, is connected to postnatal occurrences of lower IQ, ADHD, and schizophrenia, usually in different individuals. Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke, as another example, is connected to a host of effects with adverse postnatal consequences as well. The effects of both sorts of toxins can also be related to other fetal impacts, which in turn are often connected to important social... 

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