Environmental stress corrosion

High-density polyethylene is very susceptible to environmental stress corrosion cracking, especially if used at the high end of the temperature range. 

Karger-Kocsis J (1991) Environmental stress corrosion behavior of polyamides and their composites with short glass fiber and glass swirl mat. Polym Bull 26(1 ) 123—130... 

Environmental stress corrosion cracking (ESCC) of glass fibres... 

Environmental stress corrosion cracking of glass fibre composites [33 2]... 

Figure 3.12 Schematic failure map for a unidirectional E-glass composite under acidic environmental stress corrosion cracking conditions, illustrating the material variables, t, is the failure time in minutes under a constant tensile load [33]...

Both stiffness and toughness can be affected by environmental effects snch as thermal and oxidative ageing, ultraviolet (UV) ageing, and chemical attack (including the special case of environmental stress corrosion). 

Bailey JE, Fryer TMW, Jones FR (1980) Environmental stress-corrosion edge-cracking of glass reinforced polyesters. In Bunsell AR, Bathias C, Martrenchar A, Menkes D, Verchery G (eds) Proceedings of the third international conference on composite materials (ICCM/3), vol 1 Advances in composite materials, Paris, 26-29 August, pp 513-528 Bird J, Allan RC (1981) The development of improved FRP laminates for ship hull construction. 

Van den Emde CAM, Van den Dolder A (1991) Comparison of environmental stress corrosion cracking in different glass fibre reinforced thermoset composites. In Cardon AH, Verchery G (eds) Durability of polymer based composite systems for structmal applications. Elsevier Applied Science, New York, pp 408 17... 

General description. In incomplete fusion, complete melting and fusion between the base metal and the weld metal or between individual weld beads does not occur (Fig. 15.8). Incomplete fusion that produces crevices or notches at surfaces can combine with environmental factors to induce corrosion fatigue (Chap. 10), stress-corrosion cracking (Chap. 9), or crevice corrosion (Chap. 2). See Fig. 15.9. 

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