Environmental processes, time series data

Measurements of the environmental parameters in the monitoring regime provide sets of series of quantitative characteristics for the system of data processing, which cannot be analyzed because of their stationarity. There are many ways to overcome time dependence and thereby remove the contradiction between the applicability of statistical methods and the level of observational data stationarity. One such way consists in partitioning a series of noise-loaded measurements into quasi-stationary parts (Borodin et al., 1996 Krapivin el al., 2004). 

Information on the natural weathering behaviour of joints is very useful. By combining this information with data from accelerated laboratory tests, some realistic predictions of service-lifetime may be made. Theoretical models of the pattern of bondline saturation of joints as a function of time of environmental exposure provide a useful appreciation of the possible extent of problems (e.g. Fig. 4.21). The process of joint failure, as observed in practice or in the laboratory, is frequently non-diagnostic i.e. it rarely reveals the true cause, or the series of stages, leading to deterioration or failure. 

Control charts The purpose of a control chart is to monitor data from an ongoing series of quantitative measurements so that the occurrence of determinate (systematic) errors (bias), or any changes in the indeterminate (random) errors affecting the precision of replicates can be detected and remedial action taken. The predominant use of control charts is for quality control (QC) in manufacturing industries where a product or intermediate is sampled and analyzed continually in a process stream or periodically from batches. They may also be used in analytical laboratories, such as those involved in clinical or environmental work, to monitor the condition of reagents, standards and instrument components, which may deteriorate over time. 

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