Environmental chambers surface reactions

There are many different designs available for combined high-pressure reaction studies and ultrahigh-vacuum surface science investigations. Transfer rods that move the sample from the environmental cells to the UHV chamber and reaction cells that permit liquid-phase or gas-phase reaction studies have been described in the literature. 

Because many surface probes require high vacuum during their application, most surface science instruments are also equipped with high-pressure or environmental cells. The sample to be analyzed is first subjected to the usual high-pressure and/or high-temperature conditions encountered during reactions in the environmental cell. Then it is transferred into the evacuated chamber where the surface probe is located for surface analysis. One such apparatus is shown in Figure 1.13. 

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