Environmental analysis metrics

Redox titrations find numerous applications in environmental analysis. Iodo-metric titration involving the reaction of iodine with a reducing agent such as thiosulfate or phenylarsine oxide of known strength is a typical example of a redox titration. This method is discussed separately in the next section. Another example of redox titration is the determination of sulfite, (S032-) using ferric ammonium sulfate, [NH4Fe(S04)2]. 

Thus, the environmental analysis performed with the aid of EATOS makes it clear (in quantitative terms) that any effort for the reduction of the environmental impact of both processes should take into consideration, in the first place, an improvement of isolation procedures, that is, using less and/or less toxic auxiliaries - a result that would not have been possible at all considering other metrics such as atom economy, or would have been greatly underestimated using metrics based only on masses. 

G. Henze Application of Polarographie and Voltam-metric Techniques in Environmental Analysis, NATO ASl Ser. G 23 (1990) 391. 

Moreover, the results of this comparison show that the alternative process allows a significant reduction of the mass of waste, the environmental impact of waste and of the hazards and costs associated with the materials used for the process. With the aid of the EATOS tool it was also possible to establish the process zones were most of the environmental impact is produced. From the analysis, it clearly emerged that the use of other green metrics based only on waste mass would have led to different or underestimated results. 

In view of the importance of the application of these techniques in CE analysis, the chapter presents an overview on the most recent applications of chemo-metrics to optimize CE and CE-MS parameters, focusing on pharmaceutical, environmental, and food analysis applications mainly in the last 5 years. The chapter has been divided into six main sections corresponding to an introduction, three main applications (pharmaceutical, environmental, and foods), an additional section summarizing other recent studies in differing fields, and a final section including concluding remarks and future perspectives. 

EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2001. Human Health Metrics for Environmental Decision Support Tools Lessons for Health Economics and Decision Analysis. EPA /600/R-01/104. Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Short, J. W., Oil identihcation based on a goodness-of-Ht metric apphed to hydrocarbon analysis results. Environmental Forensics, 3, 349-356, 2002. 

---