Entry point definition

DEFINITION An interconnection of statements such that each entry point leads from an exit point and each exit point leads to some entry point is a FLOW DIAGRAM. 

An alternative coupled (or aggregated) approach requires first a careful decomposition of the given system of systems into sub-systems, which is a not a trivial task due to functional dependencies within the system of systems. Other needs encompass reliable interfaces between models, well synchronized simulations of single models due to real time requirement, clear definition of entry points, aggregation rules, proper emulation of feedback loops, etc. 

This article contains some useful reference detail. However, it does not purport to list all relevant factual databases. Such a list would be contentious and almost impossible to compose, simply from the problem of definition and the multitude of available collections. In our view, one of the best entry points in this respect on the Internet is the Beilstein home page, where many further links are maintained. Relevant information is also contained in the catalogs of the major online hosts, such as STN (Scientific and Technical Information Network) International, which offers over 150 databases from mainly scientific and technical disciplines, and DIALOG Information Services, Inc., which offers over 400 databases from a broad range of disciplines, including natural sciences. 

Point on a polymer chain at which a branch is attached. (Definition 1.54 in [1] and Gold Book online, 1996 entry [2].)... 

The entries all correspond to aqueous ions. Because ions cannot actually be separated and measured independently, a reference point that defines Sm°(H+, aq) = 0 has been established. This definition is then used to calculate the standard entropies for the other ions. The fact that their values are negative arises in part because the solvated ion M(H20)xM+ is more ordered than the isolated ion and solvent molecules (MK+ + x HzO). 

If we desire to study the effects of two independent variables (factors) on one dependent factor, we will have to use a two-way analysis of variance. For this case the columns represent various values or levels of one independent factor and the rows represent levels or values of the other independent factor. Each entry in the matrix of data points then represents one of the possible combinations of the two independent factors and how it affects the dependent factor. Here, we will consider the case of only one observation per data point. We now have two hypotheses to test. First, we wish to determine whether variation in the column variable affects the column means. Secondly, we want to know whether variation in the row variable has an effect on the row means. To test the first hypothesis, we calculate a between columns sum of squares and to test the second hypothesis, we calculate a between rows sum of squares. The between-rows mean square is an estimate of the population variance, providing that the row means are equal. If they are not equal, then the expected value of the between-rows mean square is higher than the population variance. Therefore, if we compare the between-rows mean square with another unbiased estimate of the population variance, we can construct an F test to determine whether the row variable has an effect. Definitional and calculational formulas for these quantities are given in Table 1.19. 

ASTM provides definition for the procedures and selected reference points discussed in this entry. Some frequently used reference points are annealing points (APs) and St.P. Below are presented some of the ASTM ... 

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