Entry-exit angle

Figure 20. Steps involved in loop formation, (a) Free evolution of the tube in depletive environment (b) formation of an unstable loop at around 3.4 lp (c) gliding of the loop governed by the positions of the two contact points along the fiber and the entry-exit angle (d) trapping of the loop by local defects. The translucent green surface represents the excluded volume for the fluid of hard spheres in (b,c,d) one sees that some of the excluded volume is reduced from the overlap resulting from formation of the loop. See color insert.

Since the linker DNA is assumed straight and the nucleosome non-deformable, the fiber geometry of the two-angle model is completely determined by the entry-exit angle of the linker DNA at each nucleosome and by the rotational angle... 

All flows can be decomposed into shear and exten-sional components. The effectiveness of the flow field is dependent on the deformation rate, the relative values of shear and extension, and the micro structure of the fluid. Extensional flows are more effective in microstructure development, such as droplet breakup and mechanochemical reactions. However, such flows are difficult to generate and to maintain and therefore, in practical applications, capillary entrance/exit flows provide a suitable means of achieving extensional flows where the shear component of the flow field changes with the capillary entry-exit angle. Indeed, OFRs also generate extensional flows, which result in efficient droplet breakup in emulsification. Mixers in which the deformation rate and the relative values of shear/extension rates can be controlled are known as controlled deformation mixers. 

Wfc = net npward bnoyant force on the pipe in borehole, Ibf/ft a = borehole angle at pipe entry (drill exit angle), radians b = borehole angle at pipe exit (drill entry angle), radians... 

The neutral plane (point N in Figure 7.10) is the point at which the subtended angle is 9 = Off, and can be found in several ways. A precise method is to balance the entry and exit forces pressures i.e., Pe = Px and solve for H at the neutral plane, Hn, which can then be substituted into Eq. (7.7) to solve for Off. Alternatively, there are empirical relations for Off. Consider the cold-rolling of an aluminum strip that is rolled from 4 mm to 3.3 mm in thickness with a roller 500 mm in diameter. The coefficient of friction is 0.06. 

Examination of clothing and miscellaneous items, e.g., identification of bullet holes, differentiating between entry and exit holes, angles of fire, range of fire... 

For proper use of the equations, the chamber shape must conform to the spray pattern. Witn cocurrent gas-spray flow, the angle of spread of single-fluid pressure nozzles and two-fluid pneumatic nozzles is such that wall impingement will occur at a distance approximately four chamber diameters below the nozzle therefore, chambers employing these atomizers should have vertical height-to-diameter ratios of at least 4 and, more usually, 5. The discharge cone below the vertical portion should have a slope of at least 60°, to minimize settling accumulations, and is used entirely to accelerate gas and solids for entry into the exit duct. 

Mimicking a p-tum consists in constraining correctly four torsional angles (4>,4>2, P, P2) and four bonds (bonds a-d, cf. Fig. 2.3.3). Bonds a and d direct the entry and the exit of the peptide chain through the turn, respectively, whereas bonds b and c are responsible for the spatial dispositon of the amino acid side chains at position i+1 and i+2 of a turn. The torsional angles determine the backbone geometry of the turn and consequently the shape of the turn hydrogen... 

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