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Entropic hydrophobic groups

Hydrophobic effects arise from the exclusion of non-polar groups or molecules from aqueous solution. This situation is more energetically favourable because water molecules interact with themselves or with other polar groups or molecules preferentially. This phenomenon can be observed between dichloromethane and water which are immiscible. The organic solvent is forced away as the intersolvent interactions between the water molecules themselves are more favourable than the hole created by the dichloromethane. Hydrophobic interactions play an important role in some supramolecular chemistry, for example, the binding of organic molecules by cyclophanes and cyclodextrins in water (see Chapter 2, Sections 2.7.1 and 2.7.5, respectively). Hydrophobic effects can be split into two energetic components, namely an enthalpic hydrophobic effect and an entropic hydrophobic effect. [Pg.25]

One proposal [120] is that upon heating, initially ordered cellulosic structures will start to unravel, exposing hydrophobic groups to water and so create entropically unfavourable water cages around the groups. This is presumably driven by other interactions of the... [Pg.379]

Hydrophobic interactions are of entropic origin. That is to say, their formation is driven by the gain in the entropy of the system, especially involving the local structuring of the water molecules in the vicinity of the non-polar groups (Jenks, 1969 Cantor and Schimmel, 1980 Dickinson and McClements, 1995 McClements, 2005). A consequence of this entropic character is that the interactions become stronger with increasing temperature up to 60 °C. [Pg.127]


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