Enol acetylations, ketones, acetyl chloride synthesis

The Mannich and related reactions provide one of the most fundamental and useful methods for the synthesis of P-amino ketones or P-amino esters. Three-component Mannich-type reactions of aldehydes, amines, and silyl enol ethers have been developed. With the development of green solvent systems, this reaction was also examined in a fluorous phase using perfluorinated rare earth metal salts including Sc(0S02C8Fi7)3 [5]. A characteristic point of this system is that it can be reused many times without reloading a new catalyst. There are also many reports on other scandium-catalyzed Mannich reactions. For example, Sc(OTf)3 was found to be an efficient catalyst for the three-component Mannich-type reactions of aromatic aldehydes, ketones, and nitriles in the presence of acetyl chloride (Scheme 12.3) [6]. 

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