Energy Transfer Scheme

460 nm emission, whereas the Er de-excites nonradiatively to hi/2 then to /i3/2. Finally, Tm and Er relax to the respective ground states and generating emissions at 1,840 nm and 1,540 nm. There also exist several shortcuts that make the energy transfer between Tm and Er possible. The first shortcut is due to a small energy gap between of Tm and Fgji of Er resulting in 

Emission spectra of 0.5Tm -0.1Er codoped (80 -x)GeS2-20In2S3-xCsI (x = 10, 20, 30 mol%] glasses are shown in Fig. 6.5. Similar to Fig. 6.2, the overlapped emission bands centered at 1,460 nm (Tm  

On the other hand, emission spectra of 0.5Tm2S3-0.1Er2S3 codoped 70GeS2-20In2S3-10CsX X = Br, I] glasses show no remarkable change with different halides. 

A mutually enhanced broadband emission from 1,250 nm to 1,550 nm is observed with a maximum FWHM of 230 nm in a 0.04 mol% 07283, 0.1 mol% Tm2S3 codoped glass sample. The fluorescence decay curves of glasses are obtained from the first-order exponential fit. The NIR luminescence mechanism is discussed with respect to two energy transfer paths leading to the bidirectionally enhanced emissions from both Tm and Dy ions. 

---

Use of a Ru imine complex to Os imine complex energy transfer scheme for detection of oligonucleotide sequences was recently reported [111]. The system... 

It has also been used in combination with a nearby strongly absorbing chromo-phore, playing the role of an antenna in exploiting an efficient energy transfer (Scheme 13.4) [25, 26]. 

B represents carbon, and H represents hydrogen. The dissociation that occurs in the cathode glow (DG) could be represented by the following energy transfer schemes. 

As discussed below, the lack of differences in absorption, quantum yield, fluorescence risetime and lifetime, or emission spectrum between normal and deuterated BTFA chelates at low temperature, suggests that deuteration of the ligands influences the energy transfer scheme at some point subsequent to the radiative step. 

First, the energy transfer scheme based on W[FM)J [FM]ni can be verified by examining OES spectrum of the second gas added into the expansion chamber of the cascade arc torch reactor as shown in Fig. 7. 

Most of the chemical processes described in the previous sections occur directly from an excited state precursor (R), which can be obtained either directly by absorption of light (Scheme 6.270a) or indirectly by photosensitization (via energy transfer Scheme 6.270b). In the latter case, the sensitizer (sens) is regenerated as a ground-state molecule and therefore it must be electronically excited again in order to be involved in a new sensitization cycle. 

Fig. 8. Energy transfer scheme used for examination of E->V transfer between Br and hydrogen. The E- V transfer is followed by V- V transfer from hydrogen to CO. CO (c= 1) fluorescence is measured to determine the amount of energy transferred.

Fig. 14.18 Examples of various energy transfer schemes. D is the donor and A is the acceptor.

The use of donor-acceptor pairs allows for the equalization of emission intensity at a common excitation wavelength. The use of energy transfer fluorescent dye labeled primers offers improved sensitivity with respect to single dye labeled primers [90, 101, 109, 110]. Examples of energy transfer schemes are shovm in Fig. 14.18. 

Fig. 14.19 Energy transfer scheme utilised by Mathies and coworkers.

An example of energy-transfer scheme in a time-resolved mode (TR-FRET) is shown in Fig. 2. Regardless of the complicated energy flow starting from intrachelate... 

---