Energy transfer in photosynthesis

Energy Transfer in Photosynthesis , Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 1979, p. 237. 

Cogdell, R.J. and Thomber, J.P. 1979. The preparation and characterization of different types of light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes. In Chlorophyll organization and Energy Transfer in Photosynthesis . (CIBA Foundation Symposium 61, new series). (Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam), pp. 61-79. 

The cytochromes are the electron carrier heme proteins occurring in the mitochondrial respiratory chain.449 There are five cytochromes linking coenzymes Q (ubiquinone) and 02 in this electron transport chain (Scheme 7). Cytochromes are also involved in energy transfer in photosynthesis. The iron atom in cytochromes cycles between the Fe11 and Fe111 states, i.e. they are one-electron carriers, in contrast to CoQ and the NADH flavins they act upon which are two-electron carriers. Thus, one molecule of reduced CoQ transfer its two high potential electrons to two molecules of cytochrome b, the next member of the electron transport chain. 

Duysens, L.N.M. (1979) in Chlorophyll Organization and Energy Transfer in Photosynthesis, Ciba Foundation Symp., New Series, pp. 323-340, Elsevier-North Holland, Amsterdam. 

Trash RJ, Fang H and Leroi GE (1979) On the role of forbidden low-lying excited states of light-harvesting carotenoids in energy transfer in photosynthesis. Photochem Photohiol 29 ... 

Chlorophylls.—Aspects of the primary processes of photosynthesis which have recently been reviewed include excitation energy transfer in photosynthesis,376 primary photochemical reactions in chloroplast photosynthesis,373 light-induced paramagnetism in photosynthetic systems,377 and photosynthetic reaction centres and primary photochemical reactions.378... 

Staehelin, L. A. Arntzen, C. J. in "Chlorophyll Organization and Energy Transfer in Photosynthesis" Ciba Foundation Symposium 61 Excerpta Medica New York, 1979 p. 147. 

The efficiency of energy transfer in photosynthesis depends on the relative orientations of the emission and absorption transition moments respectively of the donor and acceptor chlorophyll molecules. This is determined by the mutual orientation of the chromophores within the structure of the photosynthetic membranes. In order to gain a better insight into the molecular mechanism of energy transfer, it is necessary to characterize the directions of the transition moments in the frame of the chromophores. This can be achieved by combining the results of angle - resolved linear dichroism and fluorescence depolarisation measurements on macroscopically oriented lipid membranes with the results of emission-resolved fluorescence anisotropy data from isotropic systems (vesicles) (1). 

C. contribute to energy transfer in photosynthesis, as well as providing protection against light. They are also important as precursors of vitamin A and the visual pigments. C. are isolated from plant material by extraction with organic solvents and adsorption chromatography. Partial and total syntheses of P-carotene are carried out on an industrial scale. Some C. (in particular P-carotene) are used as food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic colorants. 

Consult literature sources and list the observed timescales during which the following processes occur proton transfer reactions, the initial event of vision, energy transfer in photosynthesis, the initial electron transfer events of photosynthesis, and the helix-to-coil transition in polypeptides. 

Butler WL (1979) Tripartite and bipartite models of the photochemical apparatus of photosynthesis. In CIBA Foundation Symp. 61, Chlorophyll Organization and Energy Transfer in Photosynthesis, pp 237-252. 

Nakatani HY Ke B Dolan E and Arntzen CJ (1984) Identity of the photosystem II reaction center polypeptide, submitted Rijgersberg CP Mel is A Amesz J and Swager JA (1979) Quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and photochemical activity of chloroplasts at low temperature. In CIBA Foundation Symp 61, Chlorophyll Organization and Energy Transfer in Photosynthesis, pp 305-318. Amsterdam, Excerpta Medica Satoh K Nakatani HY Steinback KE Watson J and Arntzen CJ (1983) Polypeptide composition of a photosystem II core complex Presence of an herbicide binding protein. Biochim Biophys Acta, in press... 

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