Energy release mixed

Fig. 8A. The exothermic energy release of shocked but unreacted Ni-Al mixtures shows a profound change. A preinitiation" phenomenon in which reaction temper ture is reduced by over 200 °C is caused by the shock process. A compact composer of composite particles that inhibit mixing shows no such effect [88H01].

Charging mixed nitrating acid into an insufficiently cleaned glycerol drum led to a violent explosion. Formation and detonation of glyceryl nitrate may have added to the oxidation energy release. 

In the discussion of premixed turbulent flames, the case of infinitely fast mixing of reactants and products was introduced. Generally this concept is referred to as a stirred reactor. Many investigators have employed stirred reactor theory not only to describe turbulent flame phenomena, but also to determine overall reaction kinetic rates [23] and to understand stabilization in high-velocity streams [62], Stirred reactor theory is also important from a practical point of view because it predicts the maximum energy release rate possible in a fixed volume at a particular pressure. 

O Brien, T.K. (1984). Mixed-mode strain energy release rate effects on edge delamination of composites. In Effects of Defects in Composite Materials, ASTM STP 836, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA. pp. 125-142. 

ECL emission has been also observed in the mixed ECL systems involving PAHs with reaction partners like aromatic amines or ketones forming radical cations D + or radical anions A-, respectively.114127 Such approach solves the problems caused by the instability of ECL reactants but lowers distinctly the free energy available for the formation of an excited state. Usually, the energy released in electron transfer between A- + D + ions is insufficient to populate emissive 11A or D states directly and the annihilation of the radical ions usually generates only nonemissive3 A or 3 D triplets that produce light via triplet-triplet annihilation. Consequently ECL efficiencies in the mixed ECL systems are usually very low. Only in some cases, when radiative electron transfer between A + D+ species is operative, relatively intense [A D + ] exciplex emission can be observed. 

Equilibrium Vaporization. The cesium release results presented in this chapter may also be used to demonstrate our earlier conclusion that equilbirium vaporization represents the upper limit for the fractional fission-product release as a function of sodium vaporization. Figure 6 shows three cesium release curves. Curve A was calculated from the Rayleigh Equation in conjunction with the partial molar excess free energy of mixing of infinitely dilute cesium—sodium solutions reported... 

They have introduced the terms attractive-, mixed-, and repulsive-energy release. These have been defined sharply enough to permit quantitative statements to be made about the nature of a surface. For the reaction A+BC -> AB + C, attractive energy release is the liberation of reaction energy while A is approaching BC, the latter retaining its original bond distance... 

Mixed energy release is the concerted process in which energy is liberated as A approaches B with simultaneous departure of C... 

Fig. 1. Reaction coordinate diagram showing general locations of regions for repulsive (R), mixed (M) and attractive (A) energy release. For a mixed energy release surface the transition state will be near M, but for an attractive (repulsive) surface the transition state will be near R(A).

The energy released after the newly formed AB bond first reaches its equilibrium value is termed repulsive , usually expressed as a percentage of the reaction exoergicity, % R. The remainder (100 — %A—%R) is termed mixed energy release, % M, and corresponds to a non-rectilinear path on the potential surface, i.e. the trajectory cuts the comer. Energy is released between B and C as A approaches B. In the collinear case, this... 

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