Energy of electromagnetic

An explanation of the many units used to describe the energy of electromagnetic radiation is provided in the following paper. 

Radiant Energy—The energy of electromagnetic radiation, such as radio waves, visible light, x and gamma rays. 

It follows that the x-axis in Figure 1.1 is an energy scale, since the frequency, wavelength and energy of electromagnetic radiation are interrelated ... 

Energy of electromagnetic photon in the visible and uv regions expressed in different units... 

The energy of electromagnetic radiation is inversely proportional to its wavelength. Since excitation of an electron for the tt — rr transition of ethylene occurs at a shorter wavelength (Amax = 170 nm) than that of cis, trans- 1,3-cyclooctadiene (Amax= 230 nm), the HOMO-LUMO energy difference in ethylene is greater. 

It turns out that electromagnetic waves exhibit properties of both waves and particles, or equally valid, electromagnetic waves are neither waves nor particles. This fundamental paradox is at the heart of quantum theory. You can perform experiments that unequivocally demonstrate light is definitely a wave. You can also perform experiments that unequivocally demonstrate light is definitely a particle. Nonetheless, there is one important relationship that allows the energy of electromagnetic radiation to be calculated if the frequency or wavelength is known ... 

Calculate the energy of electromagnetic radiation, and convert from wavelength to wavenumber and vice versa. 

Recall that the energy of electromagnetic radiation is E = hv, where h is Planck s constant and V is the freqnency. 

Describe the relationship among frequency, wavelength, and energy of electromagnetic waves. 

The free electromagnetic waves have the transverse polarization. The longitudinal and scalar polarization are introduced in Eq(54) artificially and should vanish in the expression for any observable. This can be achieved by imposing the Lorentz condition (40). Then the contributions of the longitudinal and scalar polarizations cancel in the expressions (42), (43) for the field strength and for the energy of electromagnetic field ... 

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