Energy: of chemical bonding

Total energies are always negative numbers and, in comparison with the energies of chemical bonds, are very large. They are generally expressed in so-called atomic units or au, but may be converted to other units as desired ... 

Break Up Energy of Chemical Bonds. Ionisation Potential and Affinity to Electron, USSR Academy of Sci. Publ., Moscow, 1974 (in Russian)... 

And third, energy is possessed by virtue of the potential energy, and the translational, vibrational, rotational energy states of the atoms and bonds within the substance, be it atomic, molecular or ionic. The energy within each of these states is quantized, and will be discussed in greater detail in Chapter 9 within the subject of spectroscopy. These energies are normally much smaller than the energies of chemical bonds. 

Gurvich, L. V., Karachievtziev, G. V., Kondratiev, V. N., Lebedev, Yu. A., Medvedev, V. A., Potapov, V. K., Hodiev, Yu. S. Dissociation energies of chemical bonds. Ionization potentials and electron affinities. Moscow Nauka 1974... 

Photosynthesis - process of converting electromagnetic energy of the sun rays into the energy of chemical bonds of vital organic substances. .. [1]. 

Korablev G.A.. Zaikov G.E. Energy of chemical bond and spatial-energy principles of hybridization of atom orbitalls.//J. of Applied Polymer Science. USA. 2006. V.101.n3.P.2101-2107. 

Break-off energy of chemical bonds. Potentials of ionization and affinity to electron / Edited by V.I. Kondratjev. M. Nauka, 1974, 35 lp. 

Korablev G.A., Zaikov G.E. Energy of chemical bond and spatial-energy principles of... 

PHOS PHORYLATI ON (Pliotosy lithe tic). Photosy nthe tic conversion of light energy into the potential energy of chemical bonds involves an electron transport chain, and the phosphorylation of ADP (adenosine diphosphate)... 

Photosynthesis is a biological process in which the energy of light radiation is converted into the energy of chemical bonds [3, 5-8], The ability to convert light... 

For the simple radicals these data are known from studies of flame reactions. Furthermore the dissociation energies of chemical bonds have been determined by thermochemical measurements. Table 20.3 provides the full information on these bond dissociation energies. 

Figure 2. Bond dissociation energies of chemical bonds in paper constituents in relation to light energy quanta...

Energy of Chemical Bond and Spatial-Energy Principles of Hybridization of Atom Orbitals... 

Methods for evaluating energy directedness of atom orbital hybridization and calculating the energy of chemical bonds in simple and complex structures are proposed based on the application of spatial-energy parameter (P-parameter) concept. The appropriate calculations and comparisons for 68 compounds were made. The results of calculations are coordinated with experimental data. 

In this research the attempt is made to estimate the energy of chemical bonds based on initial spatial-energy characteristics of free atoms with the help of the concept on spatial-energy parameter (P-parameter), taking into consideration their changes during the hybridization of atom orbitals. 

The energy of chemical bond in simple and complex structures can be satisfactorily determined by means of P-parameter method based on initial spatial-energy characteristics of free atoms taking hybridization of their atom orbital into account. 

Gurvich L.V., Karachentsev G.V., Kondratjev V I. et al. Breaking-off energies of chemical bonds. Ionization potentials and affinity with an electron. M Science. 1974. 351 p. 

The energies of chemical reactions are comparable with the energies of chemical bonds and relatively small (of the order of eV), whereas the energies involved in nuclear reactions are about 6 orders of magnitude higher (of the order of MeV). 

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