Energy levels, indicating

Figure 6.165 Inductance L (in H) versus minimum igniting current I (in A) for Groups IIA/B/C. Inductive circuits, circuit test voltage 24 V DC (according to IEC 60079-11 and EN 50020). The energy levels indicated refer to the constant energy portion of the curve.

SCF-A a method (a) geometry of the (FeTiO,o) cluster (b) molecular-orbital energy-level diagram for the cluster a and p spin are spin-up and spin-down electron orbitals energy levels indicated by dashed lines are unoccupied (c) calculated wave-function contours for the 16 orbitals of the cluster the I6a, orbital corresponds to the d Fe(f,. ) orbital and is clearly Fe-Ti bonding in character (after Sherman, 1987b reproduced with the publisher s permission). 

Fig. 5.07. (a) Quasi-continuous variation of electron energy, E, with wave number, k, on the basis of the free-eJectron theory (b) as (a) but with the occupied energy levels indicated by shading. 

Tjp and, in turn, even different from the lattice temperature T. In the figure below, a curve superimposed on the energy levels indicates the relative populations of the states. 

The number of the highest energy level indicates the period number. 

The paramagnetic scattering, the interatomic distances, and the C-C energy level indicate that these compounds are composed of R"", , and an (n — 2) conduction... 

Figure 5 Frequency-modulated double resonance profiles for various pumping schemes in c/s-propionic acid. The sign displayed on the common energy level Indicates whether the pump causes an increase or decrease in the population of that level. (Reproduced with permission from Stiefvater OL (1975) Z Naturforsch 30a 1800.)...

Figure 2.5 Potential energy curve of a diatomic molecule, with vibrational energy levels indicated schematically. Do is the dissociation energy relative to the lowest vibrational energy level De is the dissociation energy relative to the equilibrium potential well depth...

The temperature determines the population of the rotational energy levels. Rotational levels are close enough in energy that thermal energy is sufficient to cause some of the molecules to be in excited rotational states. Therefore, there is an increased probability of a transition from those excited rotational states to the level next highest in /. At some value of /, however, the ability of the temperature to thermally populate rotational levels decreases. A statistical treatment of the energy levels indicates that the approximate maximum-populated / quantum number, is... 

Figure 2 A Tanabe-Sugano diagram for a 3d impurity ion such as Cr. The octahedral crystal field increases along the x-axis and the energy levels split and shift as indicated. For zero crystal field the free ion LS states are indicated on the left. A dashed line indicates the crystal field strength relevant to ruby. The energy levels indicated appear in the absorption spectrum shown on the right. Luminescence is only from the lowest lying excited state, E. For materials that provide weaker field environments the T2 state is lower and much broader bandwidth emission is obtained. Reproduced with permission of Oxford University Press from Henderson B and Imbusch GF (1989) Optical Spectroscopy of Inorganic Solids. Oxford Clarendon Press.

Fig. 3 (A) A diagram showing the dependence of the energy levels of an unpaired electron in a nitroxide upon increasing applied magnetic field Bq. Arrows between the energy levels indicate transitions induced by electromagnetic radiation at a constant frequency. (B) Simulated X-band EPR spectra of nitroxides undergoing isotropic rotation. (C) Three modes of motion that contribute to nitroxide dynamics. Adapted from ref. 14 with permission.

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