Energy Entrapment

Kleinle, G. Ertl, W. Moritz, K.H. Ernst, H. Wohlgemuth, K. Christmann, E. Schwarz, A LEED structural-analysis of the Co(lOlO) surface. Surf Sci. 254(1-3), L469- 

Halicioglu, Calculation of surface energies for low index planes of diamond. Surf. Sci. 259(1-2), L714-L718 (1991) 

Exposure-resolved VLEED from the O-Cu(OOl) bonding dynamics. Vacuum 48(6), 535-541 (1997) 

O-Cu(OOl) II. VLEED quantification of the four-stage CU3O2 bonding kinetics. Surf Rev. Lett. 8(6), 703-734 (2001) 

Rahman, Vibrational properties of metallic nanocrystals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81(7), 1453-1456 (1998) 

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The pressure and size coupling effect on the Ols-level shift follows the currently proposed mechanism. Molecular coordination reduction and pressure increase have the opposite effect on the H-O bond length and energy that determines the core-level shift. Therefore, coordination reduction effects the same to heating, growing size enhances the effect of pressure, on the phonon relaxation dynamics and binding energy entrapment. 

Cluster size growth enhances the pressure effect on the binding energy entrapment size reduction enhances the thermal stiffening of the coh-... 

Water structure is composed of the fluctuating tetrahedrally configured bulk and of a supersolid skin that is stiffer, expanded, elastic, polarized, charge and energy entrapped. Both the monomial tetrahedral and the mixed-phase models are correct from considerable perspectives. 

Theoretical analyses (75-77) of the matrix-induced changes in the optical spectra of isolated, noble-metal atoms have also been made. The spectra were studied in Ar, Kr, and Xe, and showed a pronounced, reversible-energy shift of the peaks with temperature. The authors discussed the matrix influence in terms of level shift-differences, as well as spin-orbit coupling and crystal-field effects. They concluded that an increase in the matrix temperature enhances the electronic perturbation of the entrapped atom, in contrast to earlier prejudices that the temperature dilation of the surrounding cage moves the properties of the atomic guest towards those of the free atom. 

Fig. 40. Optical spectra of matrix-entrapped (A) Cu(CjH,),jj in Ar, (B) Ag(CtH4> in C2H4, and (C) AuCCaH,) in C,H4 at 10-12K where dotted lines indicate correlations between corresponding "low-energy 6a i —> 3bj and "high-energy 5a i — 6a i excitations of M(CjH4), where M = Cu, Ag, Au. Lines ascribed to free Cu and Au atoms in the matrix are indicated with arrows 143, 148).

The hysteresis behavior of the diblock copolymer HBI-50 is not shown but is very similar to that of HIBI-49. In summary then, the difference in hysteresis behavior of the HBIB series to that of HIBI and HBI is related to the ability of the members of the first series to form permanent entanglements, by entrapment of the end blocks in the semicrystalline domains, whereas no such arrangment is possible for neither HIBI nor HBI series. The permanent entanglement serves as a physical crosslink which promotes recovery of the polymer after the deforming stress has been removed. At the same time, much less energy is lost as heat. 

Greenhouse effect warming of the Earth due to entrapment of the sun s energy by the atmosphere. 

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