Energy efficiency origins

In some European cities, waste heat from fossil fuel electric power plants is used for district heating with an overall energy efficiency of 85%. These plants were not originally constructed as cogenerating units. Waste heat from industrial process plants can also be used. Geothermal sources are used to provide heat for district heating systems in Iceland and Boise, Idaho. 

Ecological efficiency originates from the same constmct as other areas of efficiency of entrepreneurial actions (costs, administration) an advantage should be created with as low as possible quantitative use of energy and raw materials. 

Cool white" is a term used by lamp manufacturers and to describe the sensation that people experience in rooms lighted with these fluorescent lamps. These lamps have a CCT of approximately 4100 K. This term was used originally to describe a fluorescent lamp, first produced with a monofluorophosphate phosphor. This lamp was more energy efficient and brighter than the then standard, incandescent lamp and had a good color rendition. It was also the first phosphor used for the mass production of fluorescent lamps. 

I then discuss the evidence from AGN for the existence of supermassive black holes in galaxy nuclei, as well as evidence for such black holes in ordinary galaxy nuclei. I use the free motion of gas parcels to illustrate aspects of accretion disks around black holes, showing how to calculate energy efficiency and surface emissivity of disks, and the rate of black hole spin-up. I recall the primary methods for black hole mass determination, the correlation of black hole mass with the stellar velocity dispersion of its neighborhood, and implications for the origin of supermassive black holes. Finally, I consider the formation of primordial black holes, and calculation of their mass spectrum at present in the case of scale invariant primordial inhomogeneities. 

---