Energy distribution of solar

Fig. 40 Energy distribution of solar radiation (according to CIE, No. 20) and filtered xenon arc light (Xenotest 1200) [102].

The spectral distribution of this radiation is given in Table 4.3, from which we can easily see that radiation with wavelengths below 150nm represents only a tiny fraction of the total. The energy distribution of the solar radiation corresponds to that from a black body with a temperature of around 5,000 K. 

The sun s total radiation output is approximately equivalent to that of a blackbody at 10,350°R (5750 K). However, its maximum intensity occurs at a wavelength that corresponds to a temperature of 11,070°R (6150 K) as given hy Wien s displacement law. A figure plotting solar irradiance versus spectral distribution of solar energy is given in Fig. 9. See also Solar Energy. 

Leckner. B. (1978) The spectral distribution of solar radiation at the Earth s surface - elements of a model. Solar Energy.. 20, 143. 

Collares-Pereira M., Rabl A., The average distribution of solar radiation correlations between diffuse and hemispherical and between daily and hourly insolation values. Solar Energy 1979 22 155-164. 

Figure 2. Spectral energy distribution of sunlight at the earth s surface for solar angles of 10°, 40°, and 90°, from direct sun (--) or reflection from open sky (--) (5 ). ...

Figure 2. Distribution of solar energy with bond strengths of simple chemical bonds...

Fig. 2. Ozone effect on solar radiation (left) and dependence of ozone concentration on atmospheric altitute (right). In the left part the dotted curve represents the photon distribution of solar energy outside the atmosphere (based on the assumption of black body radiation at T = 5773 K). The full curve gives the photon distribution of solar radiation reaching earth surface (see Ref.8. The ozone effect is shown by shadowed area, the dicline above 800 nm is mainly due to absorption by water vapour. On the right side the full curve represents qualitatively a typical ozone profile, the real ozone distribution significantly depends on the local situation (geography), see Ref.15)...

Figure 7.3a represents the Planck distribution for blackbody spectral emissive power with E-i p / as a function of XT. The band fraction of emitted energy in the region from 0 to XT is equal to the shaded area, which is expressed as and shown in Figure 7.3b. About a quarter of the emitted energy is at wavelengths shorter than nd nearly 95% of the emitted energy is distributed between and The spectral distribution of solar radiation can be...

It is well known that the spectral distribution and irradiance of the solar radiation at the Earth s surface depend on the location and is subjected to seasonal and diurnal variations. Therefore, a reference spectrum is needed as a basis for comparison with the spectral energy distribution of artificial light sources. Data from CIE No. 15 1971 (colorimetry official recommendations of the International Commission on Illumination) that recommend a standard illuminant D65 with a scheduled color temperature of approximately 6500 K have been used as a basis over the years. 

Figure 5.1 Spectral energy distribution of global solar radiation according to CIE No. 85, Table 4 (1989).

Distribution of Solar Energy (Geographical, Seasonal and Spectral)... 

FIGURE 30. Distribution of solar energy at earth s surface [after figure in Pure Appl. Chem., 135 (1972)]. 

The most decisive technical problem with respect to weathering devices is to achieve an adequate simulation of solar radiation. When artificial weathering first began in the 1920s, the only source of intense radiation available was the carbon arc. The spectral energy distribution of this radiation bears but a faint similarity to that of solar radiation. 

Distribution of solar energy collected inside the drying space and between the cells in the case of multicell solar dryers... 

Determining the mode of operation in the case of complex and multipurpose solar dryers and ensuring the optimal distribution of solar energy collected between the dryer, the storage, and the other heat consumers... 

The relative spectral energy distributions of sunlight, skylight and daylight as a function of solar altitude are shown in Figures 10.120,10.121 and 10.122, respectively. 

Fig. 10.121. Relative spectral energy distribution of skylight on a 15-180° plane for a clear atmosphere for solar altitudes of 70, 40, 20 and 10 [2293].

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