Energy difference between £ and

Thorium [7440-29-1], a naturally occurring radioactive element, atomic number 90, atomic mass 232.0381, is the second element of the actinide ( f) series (see Actinides AND transactinides Radioisotopes). Discovered in 1828 in a Norwegian mineral, thorium was first isolated in its oxide form. For the light actinide elements in the first half of the. series, there is a small energy difference between and 5/ 6d7 electronic configurations. Atomic spectra... 

Uranium is the fourth element of the actinide (SJ series. In the actinide series the electrons are more effectively shielded by the Is and 7p electrons relative to the 4f electrons (shielded by 6s, 6p) in the lanthanide (4p series. Thus, there is a greater spatial extension of 5f orbitals for actinides than 4f orbitals for lanthanides. This results in a small energy difference between and 5/ 6d7s electronic configurations, and a wider range of oxidation states is... 

All three of the pre-1997 DNA studies, in common with all ET studies in proteins, fall into the category of having a large energy difference between and the oxidized and reduced states of the bridge. In terms of the Hartree-Fock approximation, these states are related to the occupied and unoccupied orbitals... 

Racah parameter, a measure of the repulsion between terms of the same multiplicity. For d, for example, the energy difference between and F is 15B. ... 

Without loss of generality, it may be assumed that ) < 2 - Then if the energy difference between and is substantially greater than the interaction energy Ki2 between them, we obtain the following results... 

If 1 is the energy associated with wavefunction Pj, then the energy difference between and Eq will amount to the electrostatic energy. Therefore, Sele can be defined as... 

The x - d-orbital at highest energy remains vacant because the energy difference between and xz or yz is greater than 110% of the corresponding octahedral... 

In the trial distribution shown in the right panel of Fig. 3.11, the black spin was changed from Ms = to -j. The energy difference between , and So can easily be calculated by realizing that the only contributions to the energy difference arise... 

AE energy difference between and C the conformation with is the transition state between two configurations with C. The values in parenthesis are the energy differences without... 

Fig. 17.47. Mixing of r, rt magnetic excitons and [101] transverse phonons in an external magnetic field. 4 is the energy difference between and Fi and it has been assumed that ta irla) = 34. The rotational interaction has been neglected (from Thalmeier and Fulde, 1975).

Berg-Barrett X-ray data (Bindloss and Moore, unpublished) suggest a planar wall thickness of less than 1/am. Kittel (1972) estimated a wall thickness in /3 -Gd2(Mo04)3 of —0.4/am from the free energy difference between and /8 phases as derived from the specific heat data of Fouskova (1969). ... 

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