Energies accessing

Fortunately, increasing energy access, alleviating rural poverty, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions can all be complementary, their overlap defining an energy-poverty-climate nexus. 

If thermal motion on the Ti (or Si) surface leads to a quasi-equilibrium distribution of molecules between several minima, some of them are likely to provide a faster return to So than others and they will then drain the excited state population and determine which products will be formed. This is a straight-forward kinetic problem and it is clear that the process need not be dominated by the position of the lowest-energy accessible minimum in the excited hypersurface. Such minima may correspond to conformers, valence isomers, etc. Of course, it is well known that ground-state conformers may correspond to excited-state isomers, which are not in fast equilibrium. 65,72) Also, there is no reason why several separate minima in Si or Ti could not correspond to one minimum in So, and there is some evidence that this situation indeed occurs in certain polycyclic cyclohexenones. 73,74)... 

In most direct photodissociation cases the laser s bandwidth is much narrower than that of the absorption spectrum and the limit opposite to Eq. (2.83) is realized.. Under such circumstances we can approximate, in Eq. (2.28), the narrow range of energies accessed by the laser by a single continuum energy level E0, and write... 

The quantum chemical calculations on Fe(CO)5 indicate that the lowest-energy accessible excited state is MC in character. The oscillator strength for the ground state to MC transition is small and most ultrafast experiments use either single or multiphoton excitation to MLCT states. The difference in product distribution depending on the excitation pulse duration points to an enhanced absorption cross section for the Fe(CO)5 excited state over the ground-state species to both pump and probe pulses. This tends to complicate the apparent photochemistry. Consequently the use of short-pulse single-photon excitation provides a better picture of the excited-state dynamics. 

This is the maximum kinetic energy accessible to the van der Waals bond when motion is limited to the interior of the dividing surface that just contains the con torus. 

Grubmiiller [92] proposed a method that destabilises the initial conformation with an artificial potential, and renders transitions between substates separated by energy barriers higher than the thermal energy accessible on the simulation time scale. During the MD simulation, the shape of the potential free energy surface is estimated with an effective harmonic potential [93]. A flooding potential... 

Water-exduded volume (in A ) at + 0.2 kcal/mol energy Accessible surface of the water interaction field at + 0.2 kcal/mol energy... 

Energy for America s Future. 2008. Available from http //www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/ energy/ (accessed 1/11/2008). 

Global energy distribution and demand is a major factor in overall stabilization of the world economy. Disparity of energy access can drive conflict moreover, as traditional energy sources become less accessible, more pressure is placed on technology to find alternatives. This affects states more than individuals. 

Itten, R., Frischknecht, R., Stucki, M., Scherter, P., Psi, L, July 2012. Life Cycle Inventories of Electricity Mixes and Grid. Uster. http //www.esu-services.ch/pubUcations/energy/ (accessed October 2014). 

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