Energetics metabolic inhibition

Rubbo, H., Denacola, A., and Radi, R. (1994). Peroxynitrite inactivates thiol-containing enzymes of Trypanosoma cruzi energetic metabolism and inhibits cell respiration. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 308, 96-102. 

Certain substituted urea compounds, such as phenylurea or thidiazuron. Fig. (1), are very effective in the replacement of adenine-based cytokinins in promoting callus growth and other bioassays [27,28]. Molecular modeling revealed that the energetically optimal conformation of active urea derivatives have similar geometry as the isoprenoid side chain, so they can bind to the active sites of cytokinin metabolic enzymes and/or activate cytokinin receptors [29]. Thus, these compounds are likely to enhance their cytokinin effect by simultaneous activation of the receptor and inhibition of some of the cytokinin deactivating enzymes [11,30]. 

In summary, the majority of the differentiated cell populations in adult vertebrates are subjected to reproduction by different ways. Most frequently this occurs by entering the cellular cycle. The division of cells is initiated by many physical and chanical factors that disrupt cell homeostasis. The common consequence of the unfavourable disrupting actions becomes, as a rule, inhibition of the protein synthesis, the most complex process with respect to number of participating components, structural organization, and high energetic cost Unfavourable actions limit the metabolic possibilities of a cell and, first of all, possi-bihties for synthesis of proteins. Under these conditions, the cellular functions start to... 

Salt inhibition of Chlorella has also been studied by calorimetric methods by Loseva et al. [87], Addition of low salt concentrations causes an increase in metabolic rate. The increased metabolic rate is not sufficient to offset energetic losses and growth rate of the Chlorella is reduced. 

---