Endosperm, white

Spheroidal, about 2 mm in diameter. Externally black, a few in reddish-brown, somewhat lustrous, with fine and dense granular protuberances and a concave longitudinal furrow on one side. Texture hard, endosperm white, embryo curved in a ring, cotyledons 2. Odour, slight taste, slightly astringent and bitter. 

Robertson, D.S., Survey of the alhino and white-endosperm mutants of maize, J. Hered. 66, 67, 1975. 

Harvested rice grain is composed of the outer hull, the bran layer and the inner white starchy endosperm. Rough rice, which is rice with the hull intact, is the form in which rice is stored for use throughout the year. Removal of the hull produces what is known as brown rice. Once the hull is removed, inadvertent scratching of the inner... 

At the DNA level, the isolated genes are dissimilar. For example, in wheat leaf and wheat endosperm, there is only 55.7% identity (Olive et al., 1989) and, on the basis of Southern blot hybridization analyses and restriction enzyme mapping, it is concluded that there are at least two distinct gene families in wheat. For spinach leaf and rice endosperm, there is only approximately a 50% identity (B. S. White and J. Preiss, unpublished results, 1998). 

PROP YeUowish-white powder odorless. Sol in water insol in oils, grease, hydrocarbons, ketones, esters. Obtained from the ground endosperms of Cjampsis tetragonoloan L. Taub (Fam. Teguminosa ). 

The fruit is, when ripe, a red drupe containing white seeds, the seed coat of which has a thin parchment-hke membrane, which is called silver membrane. The seed consists mainly of endosperm. The coffee-bean consists of the peeled seed, which is roasted at a temperature of 200-250°C, when the caffeine is partly sublimated, and the aromatic substances are formed. 

References to these sequences for the plant ADP-GIc PPases are in Smith-White and Preiss. The sequences ior the Anabaena enzyme is in Charng ef for the Synechocystis enzyme in Kakefuda et al. and for the wheat endosperm small subunit, in Ainsworth ef a/. The numbers 195 and 114 correspond to Lys195 and Tyr114 ofthe coli enzyme and signifies the same amino acid as in the . coli enzyme. 

Upper layer contains fine white suspension of endosperm cell walls (yield (1.5-1.8 g from 100 g wheat flour)... 

The endosperm which contains the gum is recovered from the seeds by a milling process after removal of the tough brown hull. The hard endosperm is ground to a fine, nearly white flour. 

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