Endocytotic activity

Nielsen R, BIrn H, Moestrup SK, Nielsen M, Verroust P, and Christensen El. Characterization of a kidney proximal tubule cell line, LLC-PKl, expressing endocytotic active megalln. J Am Soc Nephrol 9 1767-1776,1998. 

Gunther W, Luchow A, Cluzeaud F, Vandewalle A, Jentsch TJ. ClC-5, the chloride channel mutated in Dent s disease, colocalizes with the proton pump in endocytotically active kidney cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998 95 8075-8080. 

There is evidence that drug concentrations administered intravenously via emulsion particles in certain tumors are higher than in neighboring normal tissues. This might be due to a higher endocytotic activity of some tumor cells combined... 

Endocytotic activity 3Ha0UHX03Haa aKXHBaHOCTb Gingivitis XHHTHBHX... 

Koenig JH, Yamaoka K, Ikeda K (1998) Omega images at the active zone may be endocytotic rather than exocytotic implications for the vesicle hypothesis of transmitter release. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95 12677-12682... 

Transport mechanism Diffusion or active transport through tunneling nanotubes Diffusion or endocytotic uptake of carbon nano tubes... 

The secretion of thyroid hormones starts with endocy-tosis of the modified thyroglobulin, followed by fusion of the endocytotic vesicles with lysosomes. The lysosomal enzymes then degrade the thyroglobulin, liberating triiodothyronine and thyroxine into the circulation. Only about five molecules of T3 and T4 are generated from each molecule of thyroglobulin. Thyroid hormone secretion is stimulated by thyrotropin (TSH), a pituitary hormone that activates adenylate cyclase in its target cells. 

The down-regulation of receptors by endocytosis. The hormone-mediated loss of receptors is often referred to as down-regulation. Continuous activation of receptors by hormone often leads to patching, a clustering of receptors as if they were cross-linked. Endocytosis of the patches removes them from the cell surface. The endocytotic vesicles, sometimes called receptosomes, fuse with lysosomes, where the contents are degraded by the lysosomal enzymes. Receptosomes also may allow entry of receptors into other cell compartments, such as the nucleus, by fusing with these organelles. 

Growth factors are active at very low concentrations, i.e. about 1 pM. They exert their effect by binding to specific cell surface receptors with very high affinity. Related factors show lower affinity for the receptors of other members of the group. Following interaction with its receptor, the growth factor is internalised and transported via endocytotic vesicles to the lysosomal compartment where... 

Arf Activates the ADP-ribosyltransferase of the cholera toxin A subunit regulates vesicular trafficking pathways activates phospholipase D Rab Plays a key role in secretory and endocytotic pathways... 

Other data demonstrated that activation of the MAPK extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) by the P2-AR occurs as a result of engaging the endocytotic machinery (11,12). These studies also showed that treatment of HEK-293 cells with isoproterenol induced an interaction between the tyrosine kinase Src and P-arrestin. The P-arrestin-Src complex is localized with AP2 and the nascent clathrin-coated pit. Using P-arrestin mutants unable to bind to clathrin inhibited P2-AR-mediated activation of ERK1/2, indicating that arrestin-medi-... 

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