Enclosing marks Square brackets

Only the enzymes mentioned in this atlas are listed here, from among the more than 2000 enzymes known. The enzyme names are based on the iUBlVlB s of dal Enzyme nomenclature 1992. The additions shown in round brackets belong to the enzyme name, while prosthetic groups and other cofactors are enclosed in square brackets. Common names of enzyme groups are given in italics, and trivial names are shown in quotation marks. 

In the starting material there are four angles of about 109°. In the transition state (enclosed in square brackets and marked as usual) there are three angles of 120° and six angles of 90°, a significant increase in crowding. The larger the substituents R, the more serious this is. We can easily see the effects of steric hindrance if we compare these three structural types ... 

V Use enclosing marks (parentheses, brackets, and braces, also called fences) in accordance with the rules of mathematics. Enclose parentheses within square brackets, and square brackets within braces [()]. ... 

The formula for the entire coordination entity, whether charged or not, is enclosed in square brackets. When ligands are polyatomic, their formulae are enclosed in parentheses. Ligand abbreviations are also usually enclosed in parentheses. The nesting order of enclosing marks is as given in Sections IR-2.2 and IR-4.2.3. Square brackets are used only to enclose coordination entities, and parentheses and braces are nested alternately. 

Enclosing Marks. Where it is necessary in an inorganic formula, enclosing marks (parentheses, braces, and brackets) are nested within square brackets as follows ... 

The name of the polymer is simply the name of the preferred CRU enclosed in curves, square brackets or braces and prefixed by poly. The nesting order of enclosing marks is curves, square brackets, braces, then curves, square brackets, braces, etc., i-6- [( [( )] )] This is well illustrated in Examples 21 and 31 in Section 9. 

Rule 1.5 Enclosing marks together with subscript letters denote multiplicity of the enclosed constitutional units. The enclosing marks are parentheses (round brackets) or (square) brackets and can be used at random, except for inorganic polymers, for which exclusive use of parentheses is recommended for this purpose, in order to avoid confusion with (square) brackets, which denote coordination structures. 

Organic ligands are cited under C, and NO and CO are regarded as neutral. Because square brackets are always of highest seniority (or priority), a hierarchical sequence of enclosing marks is adopted to ensure that this seniority is preserved [ ], [()], [ () ], [ [()] ], [ [()] ], etc. 

Coordination compounds. [In the formula of a coordination entity.] the symbol of the central atom(s) is placed first, followed by the ionic and then the neutru] ligands. Square brackets are used to enclose the whole coordination entity whether charged or not. This practice need not be used for simple species such us the common oxoanions (NO, NOT, SO -, OH-, etc.). Enclosing marks are nested within the square brackets as follows [()]. U<) , [()]>]. [( [()] ]]. etc. 

In formulae, these enclosing marks are used in the following nesting order [],[()],[ () ], [( () )], [ ( () ) ], etc. Square brackets are normally used only to enclose entire formulae parentheses and braces are then used alternately (see also Sections IR-4.2.3 and IR-9.2.3.2). There are, however, some specific uses of square brackets in formulae, cf. Section IR-2.2.2.1. 

Note from the examples above that in order to stress the distinctions discussed, the square brackets are sometimes used in the Table to enclose formulae for molecular entities that are otherwise often written with no enclosing marks. When a formula with square brackets is shown, there will also be a coordination-type additive name. 

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