Empirical Tests of Defense Theories in Marine Studies

4 Empirical Tests of Defense Theories in Marine Studies 

The criteria for inclusion of studies in this summary have been as follows (1) use of marine macroalgae as model organisms, and (2) explicit tests of any of the described defense theories (ODM, CNBM, or GDBM) either through observations or through manipulative experiments. We have not included studies that only measure variation in secondary metabolites in different seaweed parts or after different treatments, unless they have specifically mentioned any of the models or hypotheses derived from the models in the introductory part of the paper. Therefore, the summary presented here does not represent an exhaustive review of all data from algal studies that are relevant for defense theories and algal chemical defenses. 

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