Emissions measurements sampling methodologies

Sample preparation of pharmaceutical products is an important step in the analysis methodology and must be carefully carried out to avoid contamination, loss of metal(s) or addition of interferences that could result in errors in the measurements. Modem versions of the international pharmacopoeias contain methods involving atomic emission methods, and some replace tedious titration, spectrophotometer or gravimetric methods. 

Multiple Metals Testing The sampling method commonly used to measure emissions of metals from stationary sources is contained in 40 CFR 266, Appendix IX. The procedure is titled "Methodology for the Determination of Metals Emissions in Exhaust Gases from Hazardous Waste Incineration and Similar Combustion Processes. It is also currently published as Draft EPA Method 29 for inclusion in 40 CFR 60. 

Activation analysis methodology is quite similar to other instrumental analysis methods that use energy sources of either light, heat, X rays, or electricity to irradiate a material to bring about the emission of characteristic radiations. The detection and measurement of these radiations can then be used to indicate the amount of an elemental species in the material. Activation analysis requires a source of nuclear particles, such as neutrons, charged particles, or gamma rays, to bombard (or irradiate) the sample material to make it radioactive. 

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