Emergence of New Properties

Preparing totally new drugs emerging from already well-known lead structures is certainly one of the most exciting parts of medicinal chemistry, and will form the basis of the following sections. 

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When the dimensions of the particles are shrinked from the bulk to a scale of the order of the Fermi wavelength of the electron, that is to a nanometer size, their behavior dominantly obeys the principles of quantum mechanics [6], One may therefore expect the emergence of new properties which may be entirely different from those of the bulk and sometimes are completely unexpected. It is believed that they are due to the so-called quantum size effect that modifies the electronic structure and increases the ratio... 

Upward and downward emergence. The clear distinction between organization levels allows putting into evidence that emergence of new properties is not uniquely an upward process from lower to upper levels but is a more complex... 

Fig. 4 Atomic small molecule and macromolecular architectures, with the emergence of new properties as a function of higher complexity...

This oversimplified random network model proved to be rather useful for understanding water fluxes and proton transport properties of PEMs in fuel cells. - - - It helped rationalize the percolation transition in proton conductivity upon water uptake as a continuous reorganization of the cluster network due to swelling and merging of individual clusters and the emergence of new necks linking them. ... 

The unique properties of highly fluorinated materials are thus expected to continue inspire chemists, offer new research tools for the life sciences, and contribute to the emergence of new diagnostic and therapeutic innovations. Pharmaceutical development involves increasing complexity and heavy regulatory, financial, and other constraints, and time. Managing such complexity... 

This survey from a non-conventional point of view of microporous solids and related solids shows the emergence of new stractural and composition domains and sdso of new access routes. It is yet difficult to predict their future, little is generally known about their properties and industrial inteiesL... 

History has shown that each time a major new architecture has been discovered it has been accompanied by the emergence of a plethora of new properties, concepts, applications, products, and activities, all of which have led to enhanced new commercial markets, quality of life, and prosperity. Since the mid 1930s, four major macromolecular architectures have evolved leading to well-known classes of... 

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