Elimination, of carbon dioxide and

In the case of the acids, the hydrobromide of the acid, on boiling with water, yields the corresponding /3 hydro.xy-acid, and, on boiling with alkalis, a mixture of the original acid and the unsaturated hydrocarbon, formed by the elimination of carbon dioxide and hydrobiomic acid,... 

Elimination, of carbon dioxide and lodobenzene from diphenylio donium 2-carboxylate to generate benzyne, 46,107... 

Laccase (PCL) as well as peroxidases (HRP and SBP) induced a new type of oxidative polymerization of the 4-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (syringic acid) and 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid. The polymerization involved elimination of carbon dioxide and hydrogen from the monomer to give PPO derivatives with molecular weight up to 1.8 x lO (Scheme 22). - ... 

As cellular metabolism increases, the rate of production of carbon dioxide also increases. Typically, increased activity is associated with an increase in ventilation so that the increased amounts of carbon dioxide delivered to the lungs are eliminated. Hypoventilation impairs the elimination of carbon dioxide and causes an increase in alveolar PC02. 

Dimethylfulvene 93 also reacts with sydnone 89, albeit sluggishly, to form the dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazole 94 after elimination of carbon dioxide and hydrogen (Equation 10). Molecular orbital energies and coefficients of 3-phenylsydnone 89 and fulvenes 91 and 93 have been calculated (PM3-MNDO), but when orbital symmetries... 

The [8 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between substituted cyclohcpta h]furan-2-ones and enamines have been described by Kuroda and coworkers312. The cycloaddition reactions proceeded with concomitant elimination of carbon dioxide and amine. Thus, the reaction between 527 and enamine 528 afforded [8 + 2] cycloadduct 529 with good yield (equation 153)312c. 

The elimination of carbon dioxide and a phosphate group forms the double bond of isopentenyl pyrophosphate. 

An adult male has an oxygen uptake of about 21.16 mol over 24 h, and the associated elimination of carbon dioxide and nitrogen is 16.95 mol and 5.76 g, respectively. The male has performed 0.12MJ of external work over the same period and his energy expenditure at rest is = 70 W. Estimate his energy expenditure, heat loss, and net efficiency for the external work. 

Elimination of carbon dioxide and abstraction of a fluoride ion result in the formation of a terminal C = C bond. The new alkene has one carbon atom fewer than the original carboxylic acid. The mechanism of the reaction is ionic. 

Trichloroacetic acid [1, 1194, before references]. Trichloroacetic acid reacts with the cyclic enamine 1-morpholino-l -cyclohexene in ethylene dichloride with elimination of carbon dioxide and formation of N-[l-(trichloromethyl)cyclohexyl]morpholine,... 

The third is the simultaneous elimination of carbon dioxide and propene according to Scheme 6 above. 

The azlactone (405 Ar =/ -ClC6H4) reacts abnormally with p-xylene, yielding the ketone (406). Several unusual reactions of the miinchnone (407) have been described it gives the adduct (408) with tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone with 6-phenylfulvene it forms the pyrrole (409) with elimination of carbon dioxide and dehydrogenation, together with the di-adduct (410) and with tetrachlorocyclopropene the pyridone (412), which results from the cyclo-adduct (411), is produced. ... 

The discovery of the Carroll reaction in 1940 allowed significant improvements to be made to Arens and van Dorp s synthesis. The Carroll reaction involves heating the acetoacetate ester of an allyl alcohol. The ester can be formed in situ from the alcohol and ethyl acetoacetate. The reaction is an electrocyclic one which results in the elimination of carbon dioxide and the addition of an acetone fragment to the terminal carbon of the double bond of the alcohol. The mechanism is shown in Figure 9.8. 

In regard to transformation of the benzyne cycloadduct product between benzyne and furan into benzo[c]furan, the direct transformation by elimination of acetylene will not occur because computed activation barriers for this reaction were to high. The AMI computed activation barrier for acetylene elimination was 57.0 kcal/mol, while the activation barriers for the addition of a-pyrone (30.4 kcal/mol) and the elimination of carbon dioxides and benzene (29.9 kcal/mol) were much more energetically favorable (Scheme 1). These computational results are in full agreement with experimental evidence [38]. 

Finally, the mixed anhydride 16, which cannot be isolated, is treated with an auxiliary base and the p-methylphenylethylamine (15), already prepared in toluene solution, as part of the same reaction step to form the active substance iprovalicarb (3) with the elimination of carbon dioxide and isopropanol (Scheme 18.5). 

The only other useful aryne precursor of the zwitterionic type is diphenyliodonium-2-carboxylate, prepared from 2-iodobenzoic acid. It is much more thermally stable than benzenediazonium-2-carboxylate, decomposing in the range 160-200 °C with elimination of carbon dioxide and iodobenzene (Scheme 7.15). 

The respiratory system helps control the acidity of blood by regulating the elimination of carbon dioxide and water molecules. These molecules, exhaled in every breath, come from carbonic acid as follows (see Figure 15.5) ... 

The respiratory system influences blood pH by regulating the elimination of carbon dioxide and water. Becanse carbon dioxide and water are prodnced dnr-ing the decomposition of carbonic acid, the greater the elimination of carbon dioxide and water from the body, the greater is the elimination of carbonic acid from the blood. 

An alternative PPO derivative was obtained enzymatically from syringic acid (Scheme 23.4) [37]. Both, HRP and SBP proved to be active for this polymerization, which involved the elimination of carbon dioxide and hydrogen from the monomer to produce a polymer with a molecular weight of up to 1.3 x lO Da. The... 

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