Elements principles

Grund-sebicht, /. primary layer, fundamental layer ground course, -stein, m. foundation stone, cornerstone lower (mill) stone, -stock, m. matrix, -stoff, m. element raw material base Paper) ground pulp, -stofflndustrie, /. basic industry, -stoff-wechsel, m. basal metabolism, -stricb, m. first coat, priming down stroke, -stuck, m. premises, (real) property. -substanz, /. element basic substance Anat.) ground substance, matrix, -teil, m. element, principle basic part, -teilcben, n. fundamental particle, -ton, m. fundamental tone, primary tone, -umsatz, m. Biol.) basal metabolism. 

Before reviewing recent advances in the field of luminescent dendrimers, it is worthwhile recaUing a few elemental principles of electronic spectroscopy. Interested readers are referred to several books and reviews for detailed discussions [2,11,12]. 

Clericuzio, Antonio. Elements, principles and corpuscles a study of atomism and chemistry in the seventeenth century. Dordrecht, Boston, London. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000. xi, 223p. ISBN 0-7923-6782-0... 

The agreed subject of the discourse is the number of the elements, principles, or material ingredients of bodies. By focusing on the material ingredients Boyle may have been moving the reader toward his own me-... 

Clericuzio, Antonio (2000), Elements, Principles, and Corpuscles A Study of Atomism and Chemistry in the Seventeenth Century, Kluwer Dordrecht. 

God and Nature, His minister, alone know how to command the primal material elements of bodies. Art could not approach them. But the three, which result from them, become sensible in the resolution of the Mixts. Chemists name them Sulphur, Salt and Mercury36 These are the elements principled. Mercury is formed by the mixture of Water and Earth Sulphur, of Earth and Air Salt, of Air and Water condensed. The Fire of Nature is added to these as a formal principle. Mercury is... 

Guillaume Francois Rouelle Elements, Principles, and Instruments... 

Element Principle ore Industrial preparation/purification Principal uses... 

BOOTMAN MD, BerrUXjDE MJ. The elemental principles of calcium signalling. Cdl 83 675-678,1995. 

Specific interest in the periodic table and the elements has produced a number of recent books. One of the first serious examinations of the history of the elements was done by May Elvira Weeks. Discovery of the Elements (1968), an updated version with material from Henry M. Leicester, can still be found in libraries. Richard Morris s The Last Sorcerers The Path from Alchemy to the Periodic Table (2003) is an excellent book, while Paul Strathern s Mendeleyev s Dream (2000) is a nontechnical look at the hunt for order among the elements that reads almost like a novel. More technical material on matter theory can be found in Antio Clericuzio, Elements, Principles, and Corpuscles A Study of Atomism and Chemistry in the Seventeenth Century (2000) David M. Knight, Atoms and Elements. A Study of Theories of Matter in England in the Nineteenth Century (1967) and Mary Jo Nye, From Chemical Philosophy to Theoretical Chemistry Dynamics of Matter and Dynamics of Disciplines 1800-1950 (1993). 

G. Chariot. Colorimetric Determination of Elements (Principles and Methods), Elsevier Publ. Co, Amsterdam-London-New York, 1964. 

Materials Type Sensing element Principle Operation Range Response Time Application References... 

Robert Boyle, Experimental Notes Co. about the Mechanical Origin of Qualities, 1675 Michael E. W. Hunter and Edward B. Davis, The Works of Robert Boyle, 1999ff., vol. 8, 2001, 367 (for sharp tastes). R. Boyle, The History of Fluidity and Firmness , in Certain Physiological Essays, 1661. Works of the Hon. Robert Boyle, in five volumes, London, 1744, vol. I, 263 (for buttons and loops). Antonio Clericuzio, Elements, Principles, and Corpuscles a Study of Atomism and Chemistry in the Seventeenth Century, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2000. 

G. Nordberg, B. SandstrSm, G. Becking and R.A. Goyer, Essentiality and Toxicity of Trace Elements Principles and Methods for Assessment of Risk from Human Exposure to Essential Trace Elements. Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine. Vol. 13,2000,141-153. 

Manchester University Press, Manchester, pp 21-39 Clericuzio A (1994) The internal laboratory The chemical reinterpretation of medical spirits in England (1650-1680). In Piyo R (ed) Alchemy and chemistry in the 16th and 17th centuries. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 51-83 Clericuzio A (2000) Elements, principles and corpuscles a study of atomism and chemistry in the seventeenth century. KIuwct Academic Publishers, Dordrecht Debus AG (1977) The chemical philosophy. Dover Publications, New York Hendry RF (2006) Elements, compounds, and other chemical kinds. Philos Sci 73 864-875... 

Clericuzio, Redefinition, p. 563. Clericuzio s Elements, Principles, and Corpuscles, pp. 103-148, presents the same argument as the 1990 article, but in somewhat attenuated form. See in particular p. 145, where Clericuzio reaffirms his non-mechanical explanation of Boyle s indicator test involving mercuric chloride and sulfuric acid. Since the article is more detailed than the book, I will rely on the former for my critique of Clericuzio s position. 

The wavelengths of the analytical lines and the estimated limits of detection for different phosphor hosts are summarized in table 37E.2. The table is not exhaustive as several investigators who have utilized the XEOL technique for the determination of trace level rare earths have not tabulated the limits of detection. Typical analytical curves that have been obtained in our studies utilizing the internal reference element principle are shown in fig. 37E.12. 

The main elemental principle of a fuel cell is the direct electrochemical redox reaction that produces the electrical current. In the hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell, the redox reaction is composed of two electrochemical half equations - the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) at the anode ... 

Adopting this philosophical stance, we can now understand why none of these concepts that have appeared in the history of chemistry over time can ever become truly obsolete. The concept of the element/principle, popular before the rise of Lavoisier s chemistry, is still valid in so far as the idea of a material entity that bears certain properties or is capable of triggering a specific behaviour is pertinent. Likewise, as we saw when we considered the origins of the periodic table, the concept of the element... 

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