Elements Bose-Einstein condensate

Rubidium gas has become important in the study of an exotic state of matter called a Bose-Einstein condensate. This state, first predicted in 1924 by Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose, was not observed until 1995. Many laboratories now produce these cooled clouds of atoms, mostly using gases of alkali elements, which have appropriate spin and magnetic properties. 

What happens to a gas when cooled to nearly absolute zero More than seventy years ago, Albert Einstein, extending work by the Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose, predicted that at extremely low temperatures gaseous atoms of certain elements would "merge" or "condense" to form a single entity and a new form of matter. Unlike ordinary gases, liquids, and solids, this super-cooled substance, which was named the Bose-Einstein condensate (BECj, would contain no individual atoms because the original atoms would overlap one another, leaving no space in between. 

---