Functional group elementary

Table I. Serial Numbers of Elementary Functional Groups...

As a simple exaitple, we can look at the connection table of 2-butanone-3-ol given above. As we scan column 4 we see that atom 2 has the label 19, meaning ketone and atom 3 has the label 7, meaning secondary alcohol. There are no other elementary functional groups in the molecule, since, as shown in column 2, there are no vinyl or acetylenic carbons. 

Let us address first the processes of irreversible polycondensation of an arbitrary mixture of monomers. The functional groups A1,...,Ai,...,Am act here as kineti-cally independent elements, and the scheme of the elementary reactions of condensation between them... 

In this case the role of kinetically independent elements in accordance with the extended Flory principle is performed by monomeric units of different kinds S0,...,Sf, while here the rate constants of the elementary reactions of condensation ky(z, =0,...,f-l) between functional groups belonging to units S and S act as the parameters of the FSSE model. It has been suggested [76] to characterize every molecule by vector 1 with components /0,...,/(,...,Zf equal to the numbers of units of types S0,...,S ,...,Sf that this molecule is comprised of. Kinetic schemes of the reactions between monomeric units as well as between molecules may be written down as follows ... 

Presently, the quantitative theory of irreversible polymeranalogous reactions proceeding in a kinetically-controlled regime is well along in development [ 16,17]. Particularly simple results are achieved in the framework of the ideal model, the only kinetic parameter of which is constant k of the rate of elementary reaction A + Z -> B. In this model the sequence distribution in macromolecules will be just the same as that in a random copolymer with parameters P(Mi ) = X =p and P(M2) = X2 = 1 - p where p is the conversion of functional group A that exponentially depends on time t and initial concen-... 

Radical polymerization is the most useful method for a large-scale preparation of various kinds of vinyl polymers. More than 70 % of vinyl polymers (i. e. more than 50 % of all plastics) are produced by the radical polymerization process industrially, because this method has a large number of advantages arising from the characteristics of intermediate free-radicals for vinyl polymer synthesis beyond ionic and coordination polymerizations, e.g., high polymerization and copolymerization reactivities of many varieties of vinyl monomers, especially of the monomers with polar and unprotected functional groups, a simple procedure for polymerizations, excellent reproducibility of the polymerization reaction due to tolerance to impurities, facile prediction of the polymerization reactions from the accumulated data of the elementary reaction mechanisms and of the monomer structure-reactivity relationships, utilization of water as a reaction medium, and so on. 

Almost every elementary textbook of organic chemistry provides a systematic description of properties of functional groups and their characteristic reactivity for example,... 

Let the reaction involve monomers RA2 and R B2. Functional groups A react with functional groups B. One can distinguish as many as nine elementary reaction steps. This is because each molecule contains either an even or odd number of units. Those with odd numbers of units may be terminated with either two... 

Step-growth polymerization proceeds via a step-by-step succession of elementary reactions between reactive sites, which are usually functional groups such as alcohol, acid, isocyanate, etc. Each independent step causes the disappearance of two coreacting sites and creates a new linking unit between a pair of molecules. To obtain polymers, the reactants must be at least difunctional monofunctional reactants interrupt the polymer growth. 

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