Electrothermal atomizers pyrolytic graphite

A comprehensive review of electrothermal atomization devices has been published (94). The review includes a discussion of commonly encountered problems such as atom loss through non-pyrolytic graphite, non-isothermal conditions, differences in peak height and peak area measurement, etc. 

Metallic ions can be assayed by ICP-AES or ICP-MS and by electrothermal atomization-AAS (FETA-AAS) as well as by polarographic methods. These methods assure reliable information for determination of metallic ions. For example, cadmium is analyzed in baby food with ETA-AAS with a tube and a L vov pyrolytic graphite platform.114 The results obtained for cadmium assay are then compared with the levels of a national standard. There are many standards containing quality requirements for laboratories, but the most important and widely accepted international quality standard for testing laboratories is the ISA/IEC Guide 25 1990 "General requirements for the competence of calibration and testing laboratories."32... 

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