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Electrostatic stabilization, metal oxide

Controlled hydrolysis is one of the most popular methods for processing silica spheres in the range of 10-1,000 nm. The method was developed by Stober, Fink, and Bohn (SFB) [226-229] and is based on the hydrolysis of TEOS in a basic solution of water and alcohol. Particle size depends on the reactant concentration, i.e., the TEOS/alcohol ratio, water concentration, and pH (>7). This method has been extended to other metal oxide systems with similar success, particularly for Ti02 synthesis [85,230]. The hydrous oxide particles precipitated by the hydrolysis of an alkoxide compound have the same tendency to agglomerate as that described for metal colloid systems. Different stabilizers can be used to stabilize these particles and prevent coagulation (step 2). These stabilizers control coagulation by electrostatic repulsion or by steric effects [44], similarly to the metal colloid systems. [Pg.61]

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Electrostatics stabilization

Metal electrostatic stabilization

Metal oxide stability

Metallic stabilizers

Metals stabilization

OXIDATION OXIDATIVE STABILITY

Oxidative stability

Oxidative stabilizers

Stability electrostatic

Stability oxides

Stabilization electrostatic

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