Electrostatic spinning technique

Electrospinning is a versatile technique with a variety of finely tunable parameters to achieve desired material, chemical, and mechanical properties of a nonwoven nano- or microfibrous mesh (Fig. 10.2). This common term has been developed from the early description electrostatic spinning, and has been widely studied and used in both academic and industrial settings (Park, 2010). Electrospinning provides a means for synthesizing a network of elongated one-dimensional nanostructures, which mimics the native nanoscale ECM present in AC. 

The technology to produce synthetic filaments with the aid of electrostatic forces has been utilised for over a hundred years. This process is called electrospinning that was initially derived from electrostatic spinning and developed from the electrospraying method. This fundamental technique was observed by Rayleigh [6] in 1897, which was followed by Morton [21] and Cooley [22] that patented methods to disperse fluids using electrostatic forces. In 1914, Zeleny [23] reported the behaviour of conductive liquid droplets at the end of metallic mbes in the presence of an electrostatic force. Further developments were made by Formhals [6, 24] for the fabrication of textile yams and described in a sequence of patents from 1934 to 1944. After that, the focus shifted to developing a better... 

Another technique is gaining interest because of the ease of regeneration and improved flow characteristics (small and constant pressure drops). Instead of physically trapping a pollutant in its pores, the technique involves direct attachment of the contaminant molecules to the sorption material, usually a polymer. All molecules are composed of a number of atoms with a confluence of electrons spinning around them in what is called an electrostatic field or electron cloud. The cloud, however, is not necessarily uniformly distributed. 

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