Description of Electrostatic Spinning

The main features of the electrospraying process are conunon to electrospinning, and the former has been studied in some detail over several decades. 

---

This chapter introduces and illustrates isosurface displays of molecular orbitals, electron and spin densities, electrostatic potentials and local ionization potentials, as well as maps of the lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital, the electrostatic and local ionization potentials and the spin density (on top of electron density surfaces). Applications of these models to the description of molecular properties and chemical reactivity and selectivity are provided in Chapter 19 of this guide. 

The local version of EHCF method was implemented and used for the analysis of the molecular geometries of complexes of iron (II) in works [29, 148,149]. The satisfactory agreement in the description of complexes geometry with different total spins is achieved when the effect of electrostatic field of the metal ion on the ligands is taken into account through the electrostatic polarization of the ligands. Satisfactory estimates of parameters... 

The chemical shielding, dipole-dipole, spin-spin indirect coupling or J-coupling, spin-rotation, and hyperfine couplings represent the major internal magnetic interactions. The quadrupolar interaction has an electrostatic character. All these interactions have a tensorial character, ie, are function on the ori-entation of the principal axes of the tensor relative to the direction of Bq. They are relevant for solid polymers below and around the glass transition temperatures. For polymer in solution or for soft polymers fast molecular motions average these anisotropic interactions to isotropic or residual values which can be zero. Detailed description of the properties of these spin interactions can be found in References 1-9. 

In a weak field, atomic considerations dictate which orbitals are filled, as was the case in the rare earths. Atomic states described by term symbols of total L and S describe the states for d orbital occupation these are spht by the d—d electrostatic repulsions. Spin orbital interaction is small in the transition metals and usually neglected in the first-order description of the levels. A weak crystal field shifts the levels and effects a spfitting which occurs because the crystal field removes the degeneracy of an L level the L level splits into its components. Atomic free ion wave functions having the S5unmetry of the crystal field are used to calculate the splittings. 

---