Electrostatic potentials drawbacks

At present, a wide range of solid substrates are available for protein immobilization. According to the protein attachment strategies, namely, adsorption, affinity binding, and covalent binding, all these substrates can be separated into three main parts. Surfaces like ploy(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), nitrocellulose, polystyrene, and poly-1-lysine coated glass can adsorb proteins by electrostatic or hydrophobic forces. A potential drawback of such substrates is the difficulty... 

The electrostatic potential F(r,) at a given point i created in the neighboring space by the nuclear charges and the electronic distribution of a molecule can be calculated from the molecular wave function (strictly speaking from the corresponding first-order density function). As this quantity is directly obtainable from the wave function, it does not suffer from the drawbacks inherent in the classical population analysis. 

This ion interaction retention model of IPC emphasized the role played by the electrical double layer in enhancing analyte retention even if retention modeling was only qualitatively attempted. It was soon realized that the analyte transfer through an electrified interface could not be properly described without dealing with electrochemical potentials. An important drawback shared by all stoichiometric models was neglecting the establishment of the stationary phase electrostatic potential. It is important to note that not even the most recent stoichiometric comprehensive models for both classical [17] and neoteric [18] IPRs can give a true description of the retention mechanism because stoichiometric constants are not actually constant in the presence of a stationary phase-bulk eluent electrified interface [19,20], These observations led to the development of non-stoichiometric models of IPC. Since stoichiometric models are not well founded in physical chemistry, in the interest of brevity they will not be described in more depth. 

The silver salt has also been suggested for practical use in percussion-initiated devices such as heads of percussion fuses [72]. This salt has recently been proposed as a potential green primary explosive that could replace LA. A potential drawback, however, of AgNT is its high sensitivity to electrostatic discharge [52]. 

In the case of cationic host molecules, the binding of a target anion usually must occur in the presence of other counterions and hence association constants often represent more a measure of the effectiveness with which the target anion is bound relative to the others in the system. Neutral receptor molecules do not suffer from this drawback and also have the potential for greater anion selectivity since they do not rely upon nondirectional electrostatic forces to achieve anion coordination. ... 

The MSA is linear in the pair potentials and has been applied to a variety of QA models with electrostatic interactions [305-307]. However, concerning the blocked correlations, the MSA has the same drawbacks as the PY closure (to whicli the MSA, in fact, reduces for pure hard-core models). As a final example, we present the HNC closure defined by... 

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