Electrospraying and electrospinning by the charge injection method

Spray behavior from charge injection atomizers has been studied and described 

The break-up behavior of a charge-injected columnar stream is depicted in Fig. 1.7. Although the orifice diameter is relatively large and the liquid is 

6 Charging behavior of a fluid in a triode-type charge injection device (adapted from Ref. 53). 

7 Break-up of a liquid column of mineral oil just after exiting the orifice of a triode-type charge injection device (adapted from Ref. 52). Flow direction is from top to bottom of the image. 

These bimodal, interconnected membrane structures should be of significant commercial value, since the majority of filaments are nanofibers (providing, for example, ultra-efficient filtration properties) and the larger fibers are interconnected in such a way as to provide structural integrity and strength to the web. To our knowledge, however, the charge injection method has so 

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