Electrospinning conductive nanofibrous membrane

Most of the polymers used in electrospinning are nonconductive. In the next section, different procedures to prepare conductive nanofibrous membranes will be described and applied to the development of fiat and flexible electrode sheet thereby expanding the potential geometries used in electrochemistry. 

A straightforward method to prepare conductive nanofibrous membrane (NFM) is from the electrospinning of conducting polymers (Figure 13.8), such as polypyrrole, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, and polythiophene [64, 65]. Electrically conducting polymers are known to possess numerous features, which allow them to act as excellent materials for the development of sensing devices as well as for the immobilization of biomolecules in the design of biosensors [66]. 

To focus on the topic, in the next sections, the general term nanoelectrochemistry will be whittled down to the study of conductive surfaces coated with material having one or more external dimensions in the nanoscale and the apphcations will be limited to electrochemical sensors and biosensors modified with nonwoven nanofibrous membranes prepared by electrospinning. 

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