Electrorheology Composition

Their unique properties predestine them for both very specific applications and broad use in the field of polymer composites. They not only enhance mechanical properties but also electrical and thermal properties, act as flame retardants, etc. Thus their positives can be successfully exploited from simple or advanced polymer matrix reinforcement, through electronic devices, sensors and actuators, to electrorheological fluids, to name just the most important applications. 

Gao F, Zhao X (2004) Electrorheological behaviors of barium titanate/gelatin composite hydrogel elastomers. J Appl Polym Sci 94 2517-2521... 

J.B. Jun, J.W. Kim, K.D. Suh, Monodisperse micron-sized polyaniline composite particles for electrorheological fluid material, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 2002, 203,1011. 

Q. Cheng, V. Pavlinek, Y. He, C. Li, P. Saha, Electrorheological characteristics of polyaniline/titanate composite nanotube suspensions. Colloid Polym. Sci., 2009, 287, 435. 

W.L. Zhang, H.J. Choi, Fabrication of semiconducting polyanihne-wrapped halloysite nanotube composite and its electrorheology. Colloid Polym. Sci., 2012, 290, 1743. 

H.J. Choi, S.J. Park, S.T. Kim, M.S. Jhon, Electrorheological apphcation of polyaniline/multi-walled Ccffbon ncuiotube composites. Diamond Relat. 

W.L. Zhang, Y.D. Liu, H.J. Choi, Fcibrication of semiconducting graphene oxide/polyaniline composite particles rmd their electrorheological response under an applied electric field. Carbon, 2012, 50,290. 

The effect of temperature on the electrorheology was examined by Shul man and Matsepuro (618). Additional patented compositions have been described (619, 620). 

The recent work of Kim et al. [96] discloses the structure and the electrical properties of PPTA/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) composites obtained by in situ polymerization. These composites exhibited improved electrical conductivity. Ground PPTA/MWCN particles were shown to behave as electrorheological (ER) material. It seems that preparing of such less usual all-aramid composites or using PPTA as matrix to be reinforced by CNT may be an interesting pathway toward composite materials, requiring, however, improved manufacturing processes. 

Park et al. [144] conducted a study in which PMMA/MWCNT nanocomposites were prepared via both in-situ bulk polymerization and suspension polymerization, using the radical initiator 2,2-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN). The electrical and electrorheological (ER) properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. The conductivity of pure PMMA and MWCNT/PMMA nanocomposites were measured, and it was shown that the conductivity of MWCNT/PMMA composites rapidly increased when MWCNTs were added to the PMMA matrix, i.e., 3.192 x 10 , 2.163 X 10 2, and 1.693 x 10 Scm for 1.5, 5 and 10wt% of MWCNT in the composites, respectively. The conductivity of insulating PMMA was about 1 X 10 2Scm [144]. 

Schwarz G, Maisch S, Ullrich S, Wagenhofer J, Kurth DG (2013) Electrorheological fluids based on metallo-supramolecular polyelectrolyte-silicate composites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5 4031 034... 

Zhang WL, Choi HJ, Seo Y (2013) Eacile fabrication of chemically grafted graphene oxide-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) composite microspheres and their electrorheology. Macromol Chem Phys 214 1415-1422... 

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