Electrophoresis allozyme

In the 1950s, new methods of protein separation were developed that enabled the systematic study of molecular variation in many more human proteins. Starch gel electrophoresis allowed the separation of closely related protein variants by differences in charge and molecular size. Smithies (1955) detected the amazing polymorphism of haptoglobin. In later years the method was extended to the study of allozymes (enzyme polymorphisms). 

The combination of horizontal slab-gel electrophoresis and in situ assay of enzyme activity is a versatile and powerful method for detecting protein variants (isozymes and allozymes) in plants. Such variants are potentially useful as genetic markers for mapping chromosomes and in studies of breeding systems,1 population structure,2,3 gene flow,4 polyploidy,5,6 and systematics.7-9... 

B. J. Richardson, P. R. Baverstock, and M. Adams, Allozyme Electrophoresis A Handbook for Animal Systematics and Population Studies. Academic Press, New York, 1986. 

Figure 3 Population genetic methods used in genetic ecotoxicology to examine toxicant effects in populations of aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Methods are categorized as either co-dominant (allozymes, minisatellites, RFLP, microsatellites) or dominant (AFLP, FiAPD) markers. As shown here, techniques used to generate these markers are based on similar procedures such as PCR and electrophoresis, and similar methods of analysis, bp, base pairs.

UTHICKE s and purcell s (2004) Preservation of genetic diversity in restocking of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra investigated by allozyme electrophoresis. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 61,519-528. 

Hebert, P.D. and Beaton, M.J. (1989) Methodologies for Allozyme Analysis using Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis A Practical Handbook (Beaumont, Texas Helena Laboratories). 

Richardson, B.J., Baverstock, P.R., and Adams, M. (1986) Allozyme Electrophoresis. A handbook for animal systematics and population studies (Sydney Academic Press). 

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