Electronic wires

Two other important electrical properties must be taken into consideration when polymers are used as insulation for a high-voltage power cable or electronic wires. ° These are the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss factor, which characterize the energy dissipation in the insulation, the capacitance, the impedance, and the attenuation. 

Electronic wiring and cable used for power transmission... 

Figure 3.5.13 (A) Equilibrium times for diffusion on macroscopic (1 mm) and nanoscopic (10 nm) length scales. (B) Illustration of ionic and electronic wiring, with hierarchical porosity as Li+ distribution network and a carbon second-phase e- distribution network. Reprinted from [58] with permission, copyright 2007 John Wiley Sons.

The inset shows a selected area electron wires [68]. 

Walz, D., Knoll, W., and Naumann, R.L.C. (2008) Electronic wiring of a multi-redox site membrane protein in a biomimetic surface architeemre. Biophysical Journal, 94, 3698-3705. 

FIGURE 6.3 Schematic of a void-Si02 composite aerogel that has been electronically wired with a conformal nanoscopic web of Ru02 to which 50- to 100-nm colloidal Au particles have been electrochemically attached. Ryan et al., Nature, 406 169. 

Aizawa has studied an enzyme (metal) electrode based on immobilized GOD, which is a redox enzyme [66]. Interfacing in this type of biosensor requires facilitation of electron transfer from the active site of the enzyme protein to the metal electrode. Various methods have been used, such as electron mediators, electron promoters, and molecular wires, to accomplish this purpose. For example, a conducting polymer, polypyrrole, formed by electropolymerization on the electrode surface, was used to form electron wires which can facilitate electron transfers to and from the metal electrode. 

Figure 5.5.1 Crystalline domains of a bis-bixin phenylenediamine allow the rapid transport of dithionite and borohydride ions together with sodium counterions through vesicle membranes. No electron transport through hypothetical electron wires occurs. This is shown by the reduction products (leukoindigos) of the entrapped water-soluble indigo. They show the typical differentiated absorption spectra of leukoindigos as obtained by chemical reduction in homogeneous solution. If electron transport was responsible for the reduction inside the vesicle, only one type of reduction product would be formed, not two as observed.

Among the questions arising at this point one is particularly interesting and concerns the ability of a longer system of the type under discussion to behave efficiently as an electron wire. In order to answer to that question, the system of figure 4 has been considered. 

Design guide for electronic wire and cable. ECK-2-LB-C, 16 pages, (1972). Belden Corporation (USA) PO Box 1980, Richmond, Indiana, USA. (also have published many similar articles). 

Power, industrial and marine cable electronic wire... 

Once a very electroactive material was developed, the next challenge was how to keep an actuator electronically wired using these types of dynamic materials. Keeping the electrodes placed in the EAP during movement is an extreme challenge because when the EAPs undergo motion the electrodes that are attached to them, even if embedded, can become detached from the EAPs, which causes actuator failure. Plasma treatment and other metal treatments were investigated to improve the interface between the EAP and the embedded electrodes. 

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