Electronic balances installation

Another well-established method is to place the fermenter on an electronic balance. Most manufacturers offer such systems. They are very accurate as long as there are no changes with the peripheral installation (tubing, stoppers, etc.). 

In electronic balances the force exercised by the load on the base is measured with a force measurement cell (for example, an electrical strain gauge) and transformed into an electrical signal. This signal is processed within the balance in a digital or analog fashion and is then displayed. These systems can be calibrated and used in fully automatic installations. As force measurement cells one can use pressure sensors with lower requirements for accuracy. These are installations in which the weight is transformed into pressure pneumatically or hydraulically one can determine levels in tanks or reaction vessels by this method, which can also be used to meter automatically the main ingredients of a batch process, for example the water and monomer phase in an emulsion or suspension polymerization. 

Figure 1.Reduction Reaction Installation Figuer2.Reduction Swelling Installation 1—gas 2—flow meter 3— flow control cabinet 4—pellet 5—electronic balance 6—quartz tube 7— vertical tube furnace 8—horizontal tube furnace 9—infrared camera 10—computer...

Complete PV systems consist of modules (also referred to as panels), which contain solar cells and the so-called balance of system (BoS). The BoS mainly comprises electronic components, cabling, support structures and, if applicable, electricity storage or optics and Sun trackers (the latter for concentrator systems). The BoS costs also include labor costs for turn-key installation. 

TURBOVAC pumps are precisely balanced and may generally be connected directly to the apparatus. Only in the case of highly sensitive instruments, such as electron microscopes, is it recommended to install vibration absorbers which reduce the present vibrations te a minimum. For magnetically suspended pumps a direct connection to the vacuum apparatus will usually do because of the extremely low vibrations produced by such pumps. 

In order to provide the proper stoichiometrically balanced exhaust gas composition required for use of the three-way catalyst, an air/fuel ratio control system had to be developed for the vehicle. Closed-loop electronic air-fuel ratio control required the installation of an exhaust oxygen sensor and an on-board microprocessor to provide the necessary control capability. 

A typical thermogravimetric system is illustrated in Figs. 7.2 and 73, based on the classical, high-precision instrument, the Mettler Thermoanalyzer, first described in detail by Wiedemann in 1964. The left top sketch in Fig. 72 shows a view of a basic thermoanalyzer installation. The center table provides space for the high temperature furnace, the balance, and the basic vacuum equipment. The cabinet on the right houses the control electronics and the recorder. On the left is the work bench and gas cleaning setup. 

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