Electronegativity values for the elements

Fig. I. Pauling electronegativity values for the elements H K. Elements in the shaded region are metallic (see Topic B2).

Chemists determine electronegativity values for the elements (see Figure 12.4) by measuring the polarities of the bonds between various atoms. 

Figure 7.9 I Electronegativity values for the elements are shown. Notice how the values increase toward the right and top of the periodic table.

Many other methods have been suggested for determining the electronegativity values of the elements. Only one general method will be discussed here. It is to consider electronegativity to be some function of size and charge. These methods differ among... 

Electronegativity (X) is the relative attraction of an atom for an clcctro/lrTN a covalent bond. But due to the complexity of a covalent bond ir is not/ possible to define precise electronegativity values. Originally the element fluorine, whose atoms have the greatest attraction for an electron, /wash given an arbitrary value of 4,0. All other electronegativity values are baseWurr this. 

Figure 4.14 Electronegativity values for the first six periods of representative elements...

Figure 6 lists the electronegativity values for several elements. In a molecule such as H2, the values of the two atoms in the bond are equal. Because each one attracts the bonding electrons with the same force, they share the electrons equally. A nonpolar covalent bond is a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons in the molecular orbital are shared equally. 

The degree of polarity in a polar molecule depends on the relative electronegativity values of the elements in the molecule. What are the electronegativity values for hydrogen and chlorine ... 

Figure 9.2 gives electronegativity values for the lanthanides and actinides. Notice that the values for both series of inner transition elements do not vary a great deal. Explain why you might have predicted this on the basis of the electron configurations of these elements. (Chapter 7)... 

Pauling electronegativity values (% ) for selected elements of the periodic table... 

You can estimate the polarity of a bond by calculating the difference between the electronegativity values for the bonded elements The greater the difference, the more polar the bond. In H2 and F2, where two atoms of the same element are bonded, the electronegativity differences are zero and the bonds are nonpolar. In HE the elee-tronegativity difference is 1.9 (4.0 for fluorine minus 2.1 for hydrogen). A bond between carbon and chlorine, for example, with an electronegativity difference of 3.0 - 2.5 = 0.5, is more polar than an H—bond, but less polar than an H—bond. 

SS Generate a spreadsheet that computes %IC of a bond between atoms of two elements, once the user has input values for the elements electronegativities. 

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