Electronegativity, metals variation

Consistent with the discussion on alkali metal alkyls, the least stereospecific catalysts for vinyl polymerizations should be those which are derived from the least electronegative metals having the weakest p or d bonding orbitals. On this basis, one expects increasing stereospecificity for making isotactic or cis-1,4 products in the order Ba < Sr < < Ca Mg Be, with some variations due to monomer structure. 

In fact, the orientation of water at the potential of zero charge is expected to depend approximately linearly on the electronegativity of the metal.9 This orientation (see below) may be deduced from analysis of the variation of the potential drop across the interface with surface charge for different metals and electrolytes. Such analysis leads to the establishment of a hydrophilicity scale of the metals ( solvophilicity for nonaqueous solvents) which expresses the relative strengths of metal-solvent interaction, as well as the relative reactivities of the different metals to oxygen.23... 

Variation of electronegativities of transition metals across a given period of the periodic table. 

Variation of bond strength with electronegativities of metal ions and ligand donor atoms. 

Transition metals share properties such as electrical conductivity, luster, and malleability with other metals. There is little variation in atomic size, electronegativity, and ionization energy across a period. However, there are differences in properties among these elements, especially physical properties. For example, silver is the best conductor of electricity. Iron and titanium are used as structural materials because of their relative strength. 

The experimental work functions of the metals are related to the Mulliken electronegativities by a constant displacement, P = —0.9, —0.5, 0, 0.2, and 0.5 eV, for the majority of the elements. The Pauling and Allen Rochow electronegativities have systematic variations similar to the Mulliken electronegativities for the main group of elements, but the values are different in magnitude for the d and f block elements. 

---