Electron Transfer in Organized Media

Fox MA (1991) Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Arranged Media. 159 67-102 Freeman PK, Hatlevig SA (1993) The Photochemistry of Polyhalocompounds,Dehalogenation by Photoinduced Electron Transfer, New Methods of Toxic Waste Disposal. 168 47-91 Fuchigami T (1994) Electrochemical Reactions of Fluoro Organic Compounds. 170 1-38 Fuller W, see Grenall R (1989) 151 31 - 59... 

Contrary to the electron transfer in organic solvents, the reduction process of functionalized fullerenes in aqueous solutions is very complex. Although some adducts are sufficiently water-soluble (Fig. 22) no reduction could be observed [181,183,187], This is attributed to the irreversible formation of fullerene clusters in aqueous media, which seem to prevent electron transfer. Consequently, efficient triplet-triplet annihilation within the clusters is observed resulting in short triplet lifetimes (< 0.1 (xs compared to microseconds for their monomeric analogue) [182,187],... 

The recent description of the construction of a solid state photocell [145] based on order attained via a columnar mesophase of a liquid crystalline porphyrin [146] represents one application of photoinduced electron transfer within organized media which may prove to be fruitful in the future in the burgeoning area of molecular electronics. 

Maye et al. studied gold nanoparticles supported on carbon black for ORR in both acidic and alkaline media.210 The gold nanoparticles were of a core-shell type where the particle consisted of a gold nanocrystal core of 1-6 nm in diameter that was surrounded by an organic monolayer shell.214 While the Au/C catalyst was found to be active for ORR, its activity was much lower than that of Pt/C, PtRu/C and AuPt/C. The electron transfer in 0.5 M H2S04 was reported as 2.9 0.2, indicating a mixed reduction pathway.210... 

The structures (geometrical and electronic) and physicochemical properties of the LTMO complexes are only now adequately established to facilitate interpretable reactivity studies. Parallel investigations are currently being conducted in both aqueous media using alkali metal salts of the complexes and in organic media (e.g., acetonitrile) using tetralkylammonium salts of the complexes. Thus far oxo transfer from the Pd-oxo and Au-oxo complexes to multiple organic substrates has been documented. This work will be reported subsequently. 

Experiments in solution (ethanol/water l/2) and in aqueous Cu(LS)2 micelles show that the electron transfer in functionalized organized media is extremely efficient. The rate constant of electron transfer (Equation 18) in solution has been measured... 

Nature teaches us, then, that organized media can be used effectively to control the facility of back electron transfer, in that electrostatic and spatial effects can... 

Electron Transfer in Amorphous Organic Photorefractive Media 481... 

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