Electron spin energy level, schematic

Figure 23.1 Schematic representation of the splitting of electron spin energy level due to the Zeeman effect. The gray background blur represents the uncertainty of energy levels due to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle Ae At > ft/2.

Figure Bl.15.8. (A) Left side energy levels for an electron spin coupled to one nuclear spin in a magnetic field, S= I =, gj >0, a<0, and a l 2h)<(a. Right side schematic representation of the four energy levels with )= Mg= , Mj= ). +-)=1, ++)=2, -)=3 and -+)=4. The possible relaxation paths are characterized by the respective relaxation rates W. The energy levels are separated horizontally to distinguish between the two electron spin transitions. Bottom ENDOR spectra shown when a /(21j)< ca (B) and when co < a /(2fj) (C).

Figure 7-18. Schematic representation of the LCAO scheme in a, T-only calculation for ethylene, The AOs

A schematic view of the nanomechanical GMR device to be considered is presented in Fig. 1. Two fully spin-polarized magnets with fully spin-polarized electrons serve as source and drain electrodes in a tunneling device. In this paper we will consider the situation when the electrodes have exactly opposite polarization. A mechanically movable quantum dot (described by a time-dependent displacement x(t)), where a single energy level is available for electrons, performs forced harmonic oscillations with period T = 2-k/uj between the leads. The external magnetic field is perpendicular to the orientation of the magnetization in both leads. 

Fig. 6.17. Electronic structure models for FeS (a) molecular-orbital energy levels for the FeSj" octahedral cluster calculated using the MS-SCF-Za method, for low-spin Fe + (singlet, as in pyrite) and high-spin Fe + (quintet) states (after Tos-sell, 1977) (b) electron structure model for pyrrhotite based on calculated energy levels for the FeSe " cluster (from Tossell, 1977) and sulfur Ai(3 emission and K absorption spectra (Diagram after Sakkopoulos et ah, 1984) (c) schematic energy-level diagram for the troilite form of FeS (after Goodenough, 1967).

Fig. 6.29. Schematic energy-level diagram for the 3d orbitals in FeCr2S4 (after Vaughan et al., 1971). The diagram applies below the Curie temperature (Tc = 192 K). Ey is the Fermi level and a and p refer to spin-up and spin-down electrons.

Fig. 4. Schematic energy level diagram for the lowest triplet state of I IN in zero held, showing the splitting of the and T. electron spin manifolds due to quadrupole and hyperfine interactions (y = 0 i) /9). Arrows denote the two forbidden transitions observed at 76.5 and 205.3 MHz (Kothandaraman et al., 1975).

In this section, usually the simplest spin Hamiltonian is listed which is able to describe the available experimental data on a particular transition metal ion. This spin Hamiltonian is used in the subsequent tables of EPR data. However, in a small number of cases this Hamiltonian may be insufficient. Attention will be drawn to these exceptions and the required additional terms or changes in the Hamiltonian will be indicated. The lowest energy levels for the electronic configurations d to d arc schematically drawn in Fig. 1. 

FIGURE 11.1 Schematic diagram of the energy levels of an oxygen molecule and various features in the DOS (Figures 11.3 and 11.4) labeled accordingly. The extra electron (down arrow) from the K atom in KO2 fills the down-spins level. 

The next two terms, Is and 2p refer to the four electrons in the L shell. The L shell, when filled, can never have more than eight electrons the element neon has a filled L shell. The L-shell electrons belong to two different subshells, the s and the p, and the 2s and the 2p electrons have different energy levels (the number 2 referring to the L or second shell, and the letters s and p to the orbitals or subshells). The two 2 electrons have opposite spin and the two 2p electrons parallel spin. This view of the carbon atom is represented schematically in Fig. 3.2. 

Fig. 1 (a) Scheme of PDT, which indicates three main steps (I, II, III), and (b) die energy level diagram of molecular oxygen (electron spins in die upper singlet, lower singlet, and ground triplet states are schematically marked by blue, red, and black arrows, respectively... 

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