Electron-Ion Transduction

Reaction (3) represents a metal wire connected by one side to a piece of electronic equipment able to produce and record electronic signals. The 

Electron-ion transduction allows local modulation of the ionic concentration in a solution at a distance from the electrode that is less than the thickness of the diffusion layer.171-173 The solution volume can be modified through the hydrodynamic conditions or the viscosity of the polymeric surrounding in order to reduce or enlarge the thickness of the diffusion layer. 

Polymers like those in the poly aniline family interchange protons and anions with the solution, allowing a local modulation of pH. Composites that interchange cations allow the modulation of any cation concentration. Efforts are being devoted to the synthesis of polymer or polymeric derivatives having great cationic specificity. 

A tremendous effort has been made by scientists to understand and to mimic the most fascinating and inaccessible of the organs developed by evolution. In spite of the efforts devoted to observing and understanding the morphology of the different components of the nervous system, the conformational structure of the amorphous channels responsible for signal transduction remains unsolved. Nevertheless, the main problem related to the nervous system is centered on the nervous impulse how it is formed, how many components it has, what kind of information drives every component, and how we can interact with these components in order to 

The nervous impulse can be observed at the interface between the axon of a neuron and the dendrite of the next neuron. The ionic (Na K+, Ca2+) and chemical (neurotransmitters) nature of the nervous impulse has been stated and clarified during the past decades. Most of the neurotransmitters have an ionic nature. So the nervous impulse contains both ionic (electrical) and chemical information, and most of the carriers have been modulated in a different way. 

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