Electron ballistic flow

GC/NICI-MS Analysis. Residue fractions were analyzed by methane GC/ NICI-MS before and after silver ion derivatization. A fused-silica SE54 capillary GC column (J W Scientific, 30 m X 0.25 mm) was used for separations. The injector temperature was 270 °C, and the oven was held at 40 °C for 2 min, ramped ballistically to 60 °C, and programmed for 60-270 °C at 4 °C/min. The final hold was at 270 °C. Helium carrier gas was used at a flow rate of 22 cm/s. A Finnigan 4023-INCOS GC-MS-DS equipped with a PPINICI source was used with the following conditions emission current, 30 mA electron multiplier voltage, 1000 V electron energy, 70 V manifold, 80 °C source, 200 °C and 0.45 torr... 

If d is smaller than the electron mean free path l (l l = It1 + l l, li is the elastic mean free path), the electrons flow through the contact ballistically. In opposite cases (d f>> l) they perform a diffusive motion, but if the energy relaxation length Ae remains larger than d,... 

Use of a metal-semiconductor Schottky diode allowed for the measurement of the steady-state current from the continuous flow of ballistic charge carriers generated by the absorption of photons. Schemes of the photovoltaic device are also described in Fig. 10.9a. To generate electric current through the device, these electrons need enough energy to travel over the Schottky barrier and into the Ti02 conduction band. 

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